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. 2022 Mar 20;13(3):1785–1799. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12975

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Treatment with recombinant CXCL12 increases activation of osteoclasts and promotes production of TNF‐α by BM T‐cells in vitro. (A) Transcript levels of osteoclast‐specific genes in differentiated osteoclasts treated with or without recombinant CXCL12 (5 ng/mL). (B) TRAP staining of osteoclasts. Scale bars: 100 μm. (C) The number of TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells was counted. (D) Representative western blots and band density of RUNX2 in MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with or without recombinant CXCL12 (5 ng/mL). (E, F) MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with or without recombinant CXCL12 (5 ng/mL) were subjected to real‐time PCR analysis of genes related to osteoblastogenesis. Cells were also stained for alkaline phosphatase activity. (G–I) TNF‐α‐producing cells within the BM CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell populations treated with or without recombinant CXCL12 (5 ng/mL). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance was analysed by unpaired t‐tests. *, P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01 compared with the indicated group.