TABLE 2.

A few examples of chitosan based therapeutic genes nanoparticles and their application in oncotherapies over the last decades.

DNA/siRNA	Application	Results	References
PD-L1-siRNA	Breast cancer and melanoma	Showed a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation and migration in vitro, angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo	Nikkhoo et al. (2020)
RRM2-siRNA	Ovarian cancer	Effectively inhibited tumor growth in nude mice models of subcutaneous transplantation of tumor cells	Xue et al. (2019)
Snail-siRNA	Prostate cancer	Inhibit the proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells in vivro	Afkham et al. (2018)
Survivin-siRNA	Breast cancer	Significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and enhanced cellular uptake nanoparticles to reduce the growth of xenograft tumors	Sun et al. (2016)
HMGA2-siRNA	Hepatocellular carcinoma	More effectively induced tumor cell death and significantly reduced the expressions of HMGA2	Siahmansouri et al. (2016)
STAT3-siRNA	Lewis lung cancer	Resulting in a significant reduction in STAT3 expression and successfully transferring macrophages from M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype	Senel and Ozturk, (2019)
IGF-1R siRNA	Non-small cell lung cancer	Significantly decreased the motility of A549 cells and inhibited the expression of MMP9, VEGF and STAT3	Shali et al. (2018)
BCL2-siRNA	Non-small cell lung cancer	Inhibited tumor growth effectively by down regulating BCL2	Zhang et al. (2019)
MDR1-siRNA	Cervical cancer	Prevented siRNA from degrading and produced a chemosensitized phenotype of the multidrug resistant cancer cells	Heidari et al. (2021)
Ang2-siRNA	Melanoma	Efficiently inhibited Ang-2 expression, tumor angiogenesis, and induced the melanoma cells apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway	Shan et al. (2020)

PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; RRM2, ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2; HMGA2, high mobility group AT-hook 2; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; IGF-1R, insulin like growth factor 1 receptor; MDR1, multidrug resistance gene; Ang2, angiopoietin 2