Table 4.
Characteristics of phase 3 studies (N=24).
| Characteristics | Phase 3 studies, n (%) | |
| Number of surveyed studies or apps | ||
|
|
iOS | 13 (54) |
|
|
Android | 11 (46) |
| Roles of MLa | ||
|
|
Recommendation and monitoring | 2 (8) |
|
|
Recognition | 2 (8) |
|
|
Recognition and recommendation | 2 (8) |
|
|
Recognition and monitoring | 1 (4) |
| Types of ML | ||
|
|
External ML library | 7 (29) |
| Processing techniques | ||
|
|
Calculation | 13 (54) |
|
|
Calculation and data | 5 (21) |
|
|
Data | 2 (8) |
|
|
Image | 1 (4) |
|
|
Voice | 1 (4) |
|
|
Calculation and image | 1 (4) |
| Focus | ||
|
|
Weight control | 7 (29) |
|
|
Physical health | 6 (25) |
|
|
Monitoring | 4 (17) |
|
|
Mental health | 3 (13) |
|
|
Women’s health | 2 (8) |
|
|
Behavior change | 1 (4) |
|
|
Multidimensional | 1 (4) |
| Crucial functionalities | ||
|
|
Monitoring | 13 (54) |
|
|
Recommendation and monitoring | 4 (17) |
|
|
Recognition | 2 (8) |
|
|
Recognition and recommendation | 2 (8) |
|
|
Recognition and monitoring | 1 (4) |
|
|
Monitoring and personalization | 1 (4) |
| UIb components | ||
|
|
Label | 24 (100) |
|
|
Input box | 23 (96) |
|
|
Image | 22 (92) |
|
|
Button | 22 (92) |
|
|
List | 16 (67) |
| Navigation and structure | ||
|
|
Tab (iOS) | 11 (46) |
|
|
Tab (Android) | 4 (17) |
|
|
Main page and menu (Android) | 3 (13) |
|
|
Main page (Android) | 3 (13) |
|
|
Main page (iOS) | 1 (4) |
|
|
Tab and hamburger menu (iOS) | 1 (4) |
|
|
Tab and hamburger menu (Android) | 1 (4) |
| Services and technologies | ||
|
|
GPS | 7 (29) |
|
|
Camera | 5 (21) |
|
|
Motion sensors | 1 (4) |
|
|
Microphone | 1 (4) |
| Security features | ||
|
|
Log-in | 10 (42) |
| Architectures and patterns | ||
|
|
Client-server (web-based) | 20 (83) |
|
|
On device (offline) | 4 (17) |
|
|
MVCc | 18 (75) |
|
|
MVVMd | 5 (21) |
|
|
VIPERe | 1 (4) |
| Inference of ML | ||
|
|
Web-based inference through ready solutions | 7 (29) |
| Logging mechanisms | ||
|
|
Manual | 18 (75) |
|
|
Both | 4 (17) |
|
|
Automatic | 2 (8) |
| Evaluation | ||
|
|
SonarCloud | 24 (100) |
aML: machine learning.
bUI: user interface.
cMVC: model-view-controller.
dMVVM: model-view-viewmodel.
eVIPER: view-interactor-presenter-entity-router.