Table 1.

Question formulation based on the PerSPecTIF (perspective, setting, phenomenon of interest/problem, environment, optional comparison, time/timing, and findings) framework [20] for qualitative evidence syntheses.

Elements	Question formulation
Per	From the perspective of innovation stakeholders
S	Particularly from low-innovation countries
P	What are the strategies for “opening-up”
e	Within innovation ecosystems
(c)	N/Aa
Ti	Up to and including ecosystem formation
F	In relation to increasing the participation of more diverse innovation stakeholders

^aNot applicable