. 2022 May 31;12(4):469–480. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.05.014

Table 4.

Characteristics of the study outcomes.

S.No	Author/Year	Outcome (Mean ± SD)			Difference	Results	Conclusion
S.No	Author/Year	LLLT	LED	Placebo/Sham	Difference	Results	Conclusion
1	Goymen et al. 2019²⁷	Mean Crater Volume −0.42 ± 0.07 mm³	Mean Crater Volume −0.25 ± 0.03 mm³	Mean Crater Volume −0.4 ± 0.06 mm³	LLLT versus Placebo- 0.016 mm³ less mean resorption in placebo group. LED versus Placebo- 0.154 mm³ less mean resorption in LED group. p value - 0.099	There is a tendency for Group 2 (LED group) to have few resorption values especially on the buccal side and in total.	Within the limitations of the study, no significant difference in root resorption with application of LLLT or LED.
2	Fernandes et al. 2019²⁶	-	-	-	Only graphical representation provided. p value > 0.05	Between G2 (orthodontic force only) and G3 (orthodontic force with PBM), shortening of MB and DB roots was greater in G2. No difference in the shortening of palatal root between groups G2 and G3 noted.	No comments made on root resorption.
3	Khaw et al. 2018²⁵	Mean Crater Volume −0.746 ± 0.41 mm³	-	Mean Crater Volume −0.779 ± 0.374 mm³	0.033 mm³ less in the test group p value - 0.71	Greater resorption of crater volume in the sham group compared with the laser group that was not statistically significant	No statistically or clinically significant difference was found in root resorption crater volumes be- tween the control group and the LLLT group when laser was applied weekly for 6 weeks.
4	Okla et al. 2018²⁴	Mean Root Length - 19.63 mm	-	Mean Root Length - 20.85 mm	p value – 0.021	Mean root length at the 6-month time interval was significantly shorter for the experimental group compared to the control group	Photobimodulation using Orthopluse did not reduce root resorption.
5	Ng et al. 2017²³	Mean Crater Volume 0.381 ± mm³	-	Mean Crater Volume 0.495 mm³	114 mm³ less and 23% less mean resorption in Test group p value - 0.026	LLLT treatment produces an average 0.114 mm³ (23%) less root resorption than the placebo.	LLLT seems promising in preventing or reducing orthodontic root resorption during the initial stages of orthodontic force application.
5	Sousa et al. 2007²¹	Mean resorption according to Levander and Malmgren Index – 0.08	-	Mean resorption according to Levander and Malmgren Index – 0.15	0.07 (Levander Malmgren Index) p value - 0.592	No statistically significant difference was found in the resorption of either root between the laser-irradiated and non-irradiated groups	No comments made on root resorption.