Table 4.
Association between oral stereotypies with animal and environment variables.
| Variable | Category | Cri-biting OR (95% CI) | F (p- value) | Supported wind sucking OR (95% CI) | F (p- value) | Unsupported wind sucking OR (95% CI) | F (p- value) | Lip- smacking OR (95% CI) | F (p-value) | Pica OR (95% CI) | F (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Mare | 1.06 (0.89-0.95) | 1.47 (0.68) | 1.08 (0.82-1.15) | 0.56 (0.90) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 4.76 (0.18) | 1.07 (0.98-1.09) | 6.21 (0.10) | 1.08 (0.82-1.15) | 0.56 (0.90) |
| Stallion | 1.10 (0.75-1.23) | 1.18 (1.02-1.29) | 1.01 (0.67-1.45) | 1.21 (0.80-9.13) | 1.18 (1.02-1.29) | ||||||
| Gelding | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Reproductive status | Empty | 0.91 (0.84-1.10) | 2.29 (0.80) | 1.00 (0.95-1.06) | 0.85 (0.97) | 0.94 (0.86-1.06) | 4.76 (0.44) | 0.98 (0.91-1.10) | 6.21 (0.28) | 1.09 (0.98-1.12) | 0.85 (0.97) |
| Pregnant | 1.06 (0.89-0.95) | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 0.91 (0.84-1.10) | 0.98 (0.94-1.02) | ||||||
| Lactation | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 1.01 (0.98-1.12) | 0.98 (0.91-1.10) | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 0.92 (0.84-1.09) | ||||||
| Weaned | 0.91 (0.84-1.10) | 1.08 (0.82-1.15) | 1.08 (0.82-1.15) | 1.08 (0.82-1.15) | 0.95 (0.91-1.07) | ||||||
| Stallion | 1.13 (0.99-1.25) | 1.15 (0.98-1.21) | 1.32 (0.56-1.89) | 0.2 (0.016-2.42) | 1.03 (0.98-1.11) | ||||||
| Gelding | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Food offered | Concentrate | 1.81 (0.18-18.14) | 1.55 (0.67) | 0.2 (0.016-2.42) | 1.89 (0.59) | 0.58 (0.03-9.67) | 0.80 (0.84) | 1.81 (0.18-18.14) | 4.89 (0.17) | 0.80 (0.75-0.90) | 9.52 (0.02) * |
| Bran | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 0.91 (0.84-1.10) | 1.01 (0.67-1.45) | 0.76 (0.71-0.86) | ||||||
| Cut grass | 1.06 (0.89-0.95) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.23 (0.86-1.84) | 1.06 (0.89-0.95) | 0.78 (0.84-0.95) | ||||||
| Bran. molasses and gopher | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Barn location layout | Internal | 0.58 (0.03-9.67) | 6.56 (0.08) | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 0.19 (0.97) | 0.91 (0.84-1.10) | 0.43 (0.93) | 2.34 (1.40-3.84) | 13.70 (0.00) * | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 0.19 (0.97) |
| Horseshoe | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 0.91 (0.84-1.10) | 1.01 (0.98-1.12) | ||||||
| Linear | 1.01 (0.98-1.12) | 1.05 (0.88-1.09) | 1.23 (0.86-1.84) | 0.98 (0.90-1.13) | 1.07 (0.86-1.13) | ||||||
| Parallel | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Feeder/drinker distribution | Opposite corners | 1.02 (0.89-1.21) | 1.47 (0.47) | 0.2 (0.016-2.42) | 1.21 (0.27) | 1.08 (0.82-1.15) | 15.94 (0.00) * | 1.05 (0.88-1.09) | 0.44 (0.80) | 0.2 (0.016-2.42) | 1.21 (0.54) |
| Together | 0.98 (0.84-1.17) | 0.58 (0.03-9.67) | 2.11 (1.42-3.65) | 1.03 (0.97-1.22) | 0.58 (0.03-9.67) | ||||||
| Side to side | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Visual contact among horses | No | 2.04 (0.24-17.20) | 0.44 (0.50) | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 0.22 (0.63) | 0.2 (0.016-2.42) | 1.91 (0.16) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 0.44 (0.50) | 1.18 (1.02-1.29) | 3.72 (0.05) * |
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Tactile contact among horses | No | 2.38 (0.72-7.85) | 2.11 (0.14) | 1.03 (0.98-1.07) | 1.21 (0.27) | 7.89 (1.01-16.04) | 5.20 (0.02) * | 1.81 (0.18-18.14) | 0.26 (0.60) | 0.58 (0.03-9.67) | 0.14 (0.70) |
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Natural lighting | No | 2.04 (0.24-17.20) | 0.44 (0.50) | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 0.22 (0.63) | 0.2 (0.016-2.42) | 1.91 (0.16) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 0.44 (0.50) | 1.18 (1.02-1.29) | 3.72 (0.05) * |
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F=The Fisher’s test.
*
Associations statistically significant, OR=Odds ratio, CI=Confidence interval, bold values=Category of the variable that is different