Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| BUN-to-Cr ratio (BCR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical parameters, n (%) | < 20 (n = 556) | ≥ 20 (n = 581) | |
| Creatinine (Cr), mg/dL | 2.25 ± 2.01 | 1.62 ± 0.94 | < 0.01 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), mg/dL | 29.53 ± 19.92 | 44.69 ± 26.37 | < 0.01 |
| BUN-to-Cr ratio (BCR) | 14.70 ± 3.75 | 28.16 ± 8.01 | < 0.01 |
| Age, years | 67.72 ± 14.64 | 74.39 ± 11.96 | < 0.01 |
| Gender, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
| Female | 199 (35.79%) | 269 (47.33%) | |
| Male | 357 (64.21%) | 306 (52.67%) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
| White | 366 (65.83%) | 410(70.57%) | |
| Black | 51 (9.17%) | 26 (4.48%) | |
| Other | 139 (25.00%) | 145(24.96%) | |
| Admission type | 0.21 | ||
| Select | 43 (7.73%) | 30 (5.16%) | |
| Emergency | 492 (88.49%) | 527 (90.71%) | |
| Urgent | 21 (3.78%) | 24 (4.13%) | |
| Mean Heart Rate, beats/min | 90.21 ± 17.65 | 88.49 ± 16.28 | 0.09 |
| Mean Blood Pressure, mmHg | 73.66 ± 10.11 | 72.69 ± 9.73 | 0.10 |
| APSIII | 58.49 ± 24.42 | 58.14 ± 22.05 | 0.80 |
| SAPSII | 46.85 ± 15.87 | 48.39 ± 14.89 | 0.09 |
| Inotropes, n(%) | 215 (38.67%) | 234 (40.28%) | 0.58 |
| Vasopressors, n(%) | 454 (81.65%) | 473(81.41%) | 0.92 |
| Dopamine, n(%) | 240 (43.17%) | 284 (48.88%) | 0.053 |
| Epinephrine, n(%) | 116 (20.86%) | 84 (14.46%) | < 0.01 |
| Norepinephrine, n(%) | 344 (61.87%) | 323 (55.59%) | 0.03 |
| Phenylephrine, n(%) | 209 (37.59%) | 214 (36.83%) | 0.79 |
| Vasopressin, n(%) | 161 (28.96%) | 135 (23.24%) | 0.03 |
| MCS, n(%) | 216 (38.85%) | 196 (33.73%) | 0.07 |
| RRT, n(%) | 72 (12.95%) | 12 (2.07%) | < 0.01 |
| ACS, n(%) | 283 (50.90%) | 305 (52.50%) | 0.59 |
| Chronic Heart Failure, n(%) | 112 (20.14%) | 138 (23.75%) | 0.14 |
| Cardiac Arrhythmias, n(%) | 87 (15.65%) | 119 (20.48%) | 0.03 |
| Valvular Heart Disease, n(%) | 48 (8.63%) | 48 (8.26%) | 0.82 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 118 (21.22%) | 94 (16.18%) | 0.03 |
| Diabestes, n(%) | 182 (32.73%) | 216 (37.18%) | 0.12 |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease, n(%) | 95 (17.09%) | 114 (19.62%) | 0.27 |
| Renal Disease, n(%) | 151 (27.16%) | 116 (19.97%) | < 0.01 |
| Liver Disease, n(%) | 23 (4.14%) | 18 (3.10%) | 0.35 |
| Length of Hospital Stay, days | 12.25 ± 11.50 | 12.84 ± 11.32 | 0.38 |
| In-hospital Deaths, n(%) | 230 (41.37%) | 228 (39.24%) | 0.47 |
*Plus–minus values are means ± SD. APSIII Acute Physiology Score III, SAPSII Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, MCS mechanical circulatory support, RRT renal replacement therapy