Table 1.
Participant baseline characteristics (N=774)
| N | n (Percent) or median (IQR) | |
|---|---|---|
| Study site | 774 | |
| Western Kenya | 487 (62.9%) | |
| Nairobi | 287 (37.1%) | |
| Sociodemographic | ||
| Age (year) | 774 | 27 (23–31) |
| Education level | 774 | |
| Primary school completed | 598 (77.3%) | |
| Secondary school completed | 198 (25.6%) | |
| Married/cohabiting | 774 | 652 (84.2%) |
| Food insecuritya | 774 | |
| Level 1 (secure) | 326 (42.1%) | |
| Level 2 (mild) | 85 (11.0%) | |
| Level 3 (moderate) | 151 (19.5%) | |
| Level 4 (severe) | 212 (27.4%) | |
| Employed* | 772 | 391 (50.6%) |
| Depressionb | 774 | 189 (24.4%) |
| Social support scorec (percent) | 774 | 64 (50–72) |
| IPV since pregnancy | 774 | 21 (2.7%) |
| Travel time to clinic >60 min* | 762 | 53 (7.0%) |
| Obstetric | ||
| Gestational age at enrollment (week)d | 774 | 24 (18–30) |
| Primigravida | 774 | 109 (14.1%) |
| History of sexually transmitted infection | 774 | 26 (3.4%) |
| Genital infection | 4 (15.4%) | |
| Gonorrhea | 4 (15.4%) | |
| Syphilis | 15 (57.7%) | |
| Chlamydia | 1 (3.8%) | |
| Acute HIV infection | 1 (3.8%) | |
| Cervicitis | 1 (3.8%) | |
| Pregnancy intended* | 771 | 433 (56.2%) |
| HIV/ART | ||
| Diagnosis before pregnancy* | 773 | 461 (59.6%) |
| Disclosure to anyone* | 759 | 623 (82.1%) |
| Unsuppressed viral load (>1,000 copies/mL) | 774 | 226 (29.0%) |
| ART status | 774 | |
| Yes, on ART at enrollment | 716 (92.5%) | |
| No, newly prescribed ART | 43 (5.6%) | |
| No, not on ART | 15 (1.9%) | |
| ART regimen* | 723 | |
| TDF + 3TC/FTC + EFV | 536 (74.1%) | |
| TDF + 3TC + LPV/r | 10 (1.4%) | |
| TDF + 3TC/FTC + NVP | 99 (13.7%) | |
| ZDV + 3TC + NVP | 41 (5.7%) | |
| ZDV + 3TC + EFV | 4 (0.6%) | |
| Other | 33 (4.6%) | |
| Started ART before pregnancy* | 771 | 425 (55.1%) |
| IMB scoree | 716 | 75 (67–80) |
| Partner tested for HIVf | 616 | 479 (77.8%) |
a
evaluated by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS)
b
evaluated by Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), a score >5 indicating at least moderate depressive symptoms
c
evaluated by Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) survey
d
estimated by self-reported date of last menstruation period (LMP)
e
Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) score evaluated by 15 items from LifeWindows ART adherence questionnaire
f
among women who reported having a partner.
*
denominator <774 due to missing data.