Table 2.

Consistent Reduction in All-Cause Mortality in Women Initiating Hormone Replacement Therapy Before Age 60 years and/or Within 10 Years of Menopause Across Cumulated Data From Randomized Trials and Observational Studies

Studies	Age; Time-Since-Menopause	Therapy	% Reduction (Risk Ratio; 95% Confidence Interval)
WHI-CEE (28)	<60 y	CEE alone	↓ 29% (0.71; 0.46–1.09)
WHI-CEE+MPA (28)	<60 y	CEE+MPA	↓ 33% (0.67; 0.43–1.04)
WHI-CEE/CEE+MPA Pooled Trials (28)	<60 y	CEE and CEE+MPA	↓ 31% (0.69; 0.51–0.94)
DOPS – 10-year follow-up (22)	50 y	E2/E2+NE	↓ 43% (0.57; 0.30–1.08)
DOPS – 16-year follow-up (22)	50 y	E2/E2+NE	↓ 34% (0.66; 0.41–1.08)
Salpeter meta-analysis, 2004 (24)	54 y	HRT	↓ 39% (0.61; 0.39–0.95)
Salpeter meta-analysis, 2009 (29)	55 y	HRT	↓ 27% (0.73; 0.52–0.96)
Cochrane meta-analysis (26)	<60 y; <10 ysm	HRT	↓ 30% (0.70; 0.52–0.95)
Observational studies (18,19)	30–55 y; <5 ysm	HRT	↓ 20–60%

CEE = conjugated equine estrogen alone; CEE+MPA = continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate; E2/E2+NE = estradiol with or without norethisterone acetate; HRT = hormone replacement therapy; y = years; ysm = years-sincemenopause