TABLE 5.
Body composition of overweight adults who consumed supplement shakes differing in protein and fiber for 12 wk1
| Time point | P 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable and group | D0 | D28 | D56 | D84 | Time | Group | Time × group |
| BMI, kg/m² | |||||||
| LPF | 30.4 ± 0.1 | 30.03 ± 0.1 | 29.93 ± 0.1 | 29.83 ± 0.1 | <0.001 | 0.033 | 0.005 |
| HPF | 30.4 ± 0.1 | 29.83 ± 0.1 | 29.53,4 ± 0.1 | 29.33,4 ± 0.1 | — | — | — |
| Waist circumference, cm | |||||||
| LPF | 98.9 ± 0.5 | 96.33 ± 0.6 | 95.73 ± 0.6 | 95.13 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | 0.902 | 0.689 |
| HPF | 99.0 ± 0.5 | 96.73 ± 0.6 | 95.53 ± 0.6 | 94.63 ± 0.6 | — | — | — |
| Hip circumference, cm | |||||||
| LPF | 110 ± 0.4 | 1093 ± 0.5 | 1083 ± 0.5 | 1073 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | 0.474 | 0.804 |
| HPF | 110 ± 0.4 | 1093 ± 0.5 | 1083 ± 0.5 | 1073 ± 0.5 | — | — | — |
| Total tissue (DXA), kg | |||||||
| LPF | 82.7 ± 0.3 | — | — | 81.03 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.016 |
| HPF | 82.8 ± 0.3 | — | — | 79.53,4 ± 0.3 | — | — | — |
| Total fat tissue, kg | |||||||
| LPF | 35.5 ± 0.3 | — | — | 34.03 ± 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.192 | 0.174 |
| HPF | 35.5 ± 0.3 | — | — | 33.23 ± 0.3 | — | — | — |
| Total lean tissue, kg | |||||||
| LPF | 47.3 ± 0.2 | — | — | 47.1 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.042 | 0.005 |
| HPF | 47.4 ± 0.2 | — | — | 46.43,4 ± 0.2 | — | — | — |
| Total lean tissue, % | |||||||
| LPF | 56.7 ± 0.2 | — | — | 57.83 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.689 | 0.690 |
| HPF | 56.7 ± 0.2 | — | — | 58.03 ± 0.2 | — | — | — |
Values are estimated marginal means ± SEs. Total sample size was n = 68 (LPF) and n = 65 (HPF). For all variables except for body weight and % body fat, only the results from the per-protocol analysis are described. D, day of trial; HPF, group provided a high-protein, high-fiber supplement shake; LPF, group provided a low-protein, lower-fiber supplement shake.
Data from the per-protocol analysis, where noncompliant participants were removed and data modeled using generalized least-squares regression with time as a within-participants fixed effect, group as a between-participants fixed effect, their interaction, and sex and baseline value (taken at D0) as a covariate.
Different from day 0, P < 0.05 (Tukey-adjusted within-participant comparison).
Different from LPF at that time, P < 0.05 (Tukey-adjusted between-group comparison).