TABLE 3.
A list of plants belonging to the Syzygium genus including plant parts with their pharmacological activities
| Plant Name | Parts of Plant | Pharmacological activities | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Syzygium alternifolium (WT.) WALP | Stem bark | Antimicrobial activity | (Yugandhar et al., 2015) |
| Leaf | Anticancer activity (in vitro) | (Komuraiah et al., 2014) | |
| Seeds | Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities | (Kasetti et al., 2010) | |
|
Syzygium anisatum (Vicfkery) Craven & Biffen |
Leaf | Antioxidant, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory (in vitro), cytoprotective, and proapoptotic activities | (Bryant & Cock, 2016; Guo et al., 2014; Konczak et al., 2010; Sakulnarmrat et al., 2013) |
|
Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston |
Leaf | Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, pain‐killing, anti‐inflammatory (in vitro), and antidiabetic activities | (T. Manaharan et al., 2013; Sobeh, Mahmoud, et al., 2018, 2018) |
| Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr. & Perry. | Leaf | Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities | (Kasai et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2017) |
| Seeds | Antibacterial activity | (Ajiboye et al., 2016) | |
| Clove | Antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticandidal, hepatoprotective (in vitro), larvicidal, ovicidal potentiality, and anticancer activities | (Hina et al., 2017; Hong et al., 2018; Nirmala et al., 2019; Park et al., 2007; Radünz et al., 2019) | |
| Flower bud | Antiulcer, antioxidant (in vitro), anti‐inflammatory, antituberculosis, antidiabetic, and anthelmintic activities | (Chniguir et al., 2019; Kasai et al., 2016; Kaur & Kaur, 2015; Patil et al., 2014; Santin et al., 2011; Tahir et al., 2016) | |
| Syzygium australe (H.L. Wendl. Ex Link) B. Hyland | Leaf | Antifungal activity (in vitro) | (Noé et al., 2019) |
| Fruit | Antibacterial and antiproliferative activities | (Jamieson et al., 2014; Sautron & Cock, 2014) | |
|
Syzygium benthamianum (Wight ex Duthie) Gamble |
Leaf | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities | (Kiruthiga et al., 2011) |
| Syzygium campanulatum Korth | Leaf | Antiproliferative, antiangiogenesis, and antitumor activities | (Aisha et al., 2013; A. H. Memon et al., 2015) |
| Syzygium calophyllifolium Walp. | Bark | Antidiabetic, cytotoxic, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory activities | (Chandran et al., 2016, 2018) |
| Leaf | Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities (in vitro) | (Vignesh et al., 2013) | |
| Fruit | Antioxidant and antibacterial activities (in vitro) | (Sathyanarayanan et al., 2018) | |
|
Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston |
Leaf | Antioxidant, antidiabetic (in vitro), antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities | (Annadurai et al., 2012; Nadarajan & Pujari, 2014; Wathsara et al., 2020) |
| Fruit | Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities (in vitro) | (Wathsara et al., 2020) | |
| Root | Anti‐inflammatory activity (in vitro) | (Heendeniya et al., 2018) | |
| Syzygium cordatum Hochst ex C Krauss | Leaf | Antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory activity; antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antileishmanial, and antiplasmodial activities | (Bapela et al., 2017; I. E. Cock & van Vuuren, 2014; Deliwe & Amabeoku, 2013; Mulaudzi et al., 2012; Mzindle, 2017; Nondo et al., 2015) |
| Fruit | Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activities | (Maliehe et al., 2015; Sidney et al., 2015b) | |
| Seed | Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activities | (Maliehe et al., 2015; Sidney et al., 2015b) | |
| Bark | Antibacterial, antifungal, antimutagenic, and antiplasmodial activities | (I. E. Cock & van Vuuren, 2014; Nciki et al., 2016; Nondo et al., 2015; Verschaeve et al., 2004) | |
| Syzygium corticosum (Lour.)Merr.& L.M. Perry | Leaf | Anticancer activity (in vitro) | (Ren et al., 2018) |
| Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels | Leaf | Antidiabetic, antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti‐leishmania, and antiallergic activities | (Brito et al., 2007; Quintans et al., 2014; Rodrigues et al., 2015; Ruan et al., 2008; Schoenfelder et al., 2010) |
| Fruit | Antioxidant (in vitro), antibacterial, and anticancer activities | (Afify et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2016) | |
| Bark | Antihelmintic activity | (Kavitha et al., 2011) | |
| Seed | Antibacterial, antihyperlipidemia, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti‐arthritis activities | (A. Kumar et al., 2013; E. Kumar et al., 2008; Ulla et al., 2017; Yadav et al., 2017) | |
| Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wt. & Arn. | Leaf | Antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities | (Eganathan et al., 2012; MK et al., 2013) |
| Fruit | Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities | (Krishnasamy et al., 2016) | |
| Syzygium fruticosum (Roxb.) DC. | Leaf | Cytotoxic and thrombolytic activities | (Chadni et al., 2014) |
| Bark | Antibacterial and antioxidant activities | (Chadni et al., 2014) | |
| Seed | Antioxidant and anticancer activities | (S. Islam et al., 2013) | |
| Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam | Leaf | Antiallergic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities | (Lee et al., 2006; Nguyen et al., 2018) |
| Syzygium francisii (F.M. Bailey) L.A.S. Johnson | Leaf | Antibacterial activity | (Ian Cock et al., 2013) |
| Syzygium forte (F. Muell.) B. Hyland | Leaf | Antibacterial activity | (Ian Cock et al., 2013) |
| Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp. | Leaf | Antibacterial and antioxidant activities | (Jothiramshekar et al., 2014; Sarvesan et al., 2015) |
| Bark | Antidiabetic activity | (Myint, 2017) | |
| Syzygium gratum (Wight) S.N. Mitra | Leaf | Antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anticancer activity | (Kukongviriyapan et al., 2007; Rocchetti et al., 2019; Senggunprai et al., 2010; Stewart et al., 2013) |
| Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. | Leaf | Anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antimalarial, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic (in vitro), antioxidant, antihypertensive (in vivo), and vasodepressor (in vitro) activities | (Ayele et al., 2010; Djoukeng et al., 2005; Ezenyi & Igoli, 2018; Ezuruike et al., 2019; IOR et al., 2012; Nzufo et al., 2017; Tadesse & Wubneh, 2017) |
| Fruit | Cytotoxicity and antihelmintic activities | (Maregesi et al., 2016) | |
| Stem bark | Antituberculosis and antispasmodic activities | (Malele et al., 1997; Oladosu et al., 2017) | |
| Whole plant | Anticancer activity | (Koval et al., 2018) | |
| Syzygium jambos L. (Alston) | Leaf | Antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antifungal (in vitro), antinociceptive, analgesic, antiulcerogenic, and anticancer activities | (Avila‐Peña et al., 2007; Bonfanti et al., 2013; Chua et al., 2019; Donatini et al., 2009; Gavillán‐Suárez et al., 2015; H. Hossain et al., 2016; M. R. Islam et al., 2012; Noé et al., 2019; Sharma et al., 2013) |
| Fruit | Antitumor, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities | (Li et al., 2015; Tamiello et al., 2018) | |
| Stem bark | Antibacterial (in vitro), antidiabetic, and antileukemic activities | (Djipa et al., 2000; Hettiarachchi et al., 2004; Pardede et al., 2020) | |
| Syzygium johnsonii(F. Muell.) B. Hyland | Stem bark | Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities | (Harris et al., 2011; Setzer et al., 2001) |
| Syzygium luzonense (Merr.)Merr. | Stem bark | Antibacterial, antioxidant, and antihyperglycemic | (Walean et al., 2020) |
| Syzygium lineatum(DC.)Merr.& L.M. Perry | Leaf | Cytotoxicity, anticancer, and antiproliferative activities | (Castillo et al., 2017; A; Castillo et al., 2018; Chua et al., 2019) |
| Syzygium lanceolatum (Lam.) Wt. & Arn. | Leaf | Larvicidal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities | (Benelli et al., 2018; Karuppusamy & Rajasekaran, 2009; Muthumperumal et al., 2016) |
| Syzygium luehmannii (F. Muell.) L.A.S. Johnson | Leaf | Antifungal activity (in vitro) | (Noé et al., 2019) |
| Fruit | Antifungal (in vitro), antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities | (Jamieson et al., 2014; Noé et al., 2019; Sautron & Cock, 2014) | |
| Syzygium legatii Burtt Davy & Greenway | Leaf | Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti‐quorum sensing activities | (I. Famuyide et al., 2019; I. M. Famuyide et al., 2019) |
| Syzygium malaccense (L.)Merr. & L.M. Perry | Leaf | Antifungal, antibacterial (in vitro), anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic (in vitro) activities | (Dunstan et al., 1997; Itam & Anna, 2020; Locher et al., 1995; Savitha et al., 2011) |
| Fruit | Antioxidant activity | (Nunes et al., 2016) | |
| Bark | Antiviral activity (in vitro) | (Locher et al., 1995) | |
| Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. | Leaf | Antidermatophytic, fungicidal, cytotoxic, antidiarrheal, and antispasmodic activities | (Abdul Hakeem Memon et al., 2020; Sit et al., 2018) |
| Syzygium mundagam (Bourd.) Chitra | Leaf | Antioxidant activity; | (Chandran et al., 2017) |
| Bark | Antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory activities | (Chandran et al., 2017a; Chandran et al., 2017b, 2017c, 2017d, 2020) | |
| Syzygium maire (A. Cunn) Sykes & Garn.‐Jones | Fruit | Antioxidant activity | (Gould et al., 2006) |
| Syzygium moorei F. Muell. | Leaf | Antibacterial and antihyperglycemic activities | (Ian Cock et al., 2013) |
| Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn. | Fruit | Antioxidant, anticancer (in vitro), antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities | (Konda et al., 2019; Vuong et al., 2014) |
| Leaf | Anticancer (Cytotoxic) activity; | (Rocchetti et al., 2019) | |
| Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. | Leaf | Antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer activities | (Nordin et al., 2019; Ramli et al., 2017; Widjajakusuma et al., 2019; Widyawati et al., 2015) |
| Fruit | Antioxidant activity | (Kusuma et al., 2011) | |
| Syzygium puberulum Merr.& L.M. Perry | Leaf | Antibacterial activity | (Ian Cock et al., 2013) |
| Syzygium stocksii (Duthie) Gamble | Leaf | Antibacterial and antifungal activities | (Eganathan et al., 2012) |
| Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and L.M. Perry | Leaf | Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, CNS depressant, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, and anti‐obesity activities | (Adesegun et al., 2013; Ghayur et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2012; Majumder et al., 2017; Mollika et al., 2014; Qowiyyah et al.; Reddy et al., 2011; Resurreccion‐Magno et al., 2005; Sobeh et al., 2018) |
| Fruit | Anticancer, antihyperglycemic, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities | (Khamchan et al., 2018; Shen & Chang, 2013; Shen et al., 2012; Simirgiotis et al., 2008) | |
| Bark | Anthelmintic and anti‐acne activities | (Gayen et al., 2016; Sekar et al., 2017) | |
| Syzygium wilsonii (F. Muell.) B. Hyland | Leaf | Antibacterial activity | (Ian Cock et al., 2013) |
|
Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. |
Leaf | Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and larvicidal activities | (Anoop et al., 2015; Govindarajan & Benelli, 2016; Nomi et al., 2012; Shilpa et al., 2014) |
| Fruit | Antibacterial and antioxidant activities | (Shilpa & Krishnakumar, 2015) |