Table 1.
Sample characteristics of full population and individuals with COVID-19, by most severe COVID-19 phenotype
| Population (n=57 032 174) | All COVID-19 cases (n=7 244 925) |
Severity* |
All COVID-19 deaths (n=158 020) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive SARS-CoV-2 test (n=3 948 079) | Primary care diagnosis (n=2 825 220) | Hospital admission (n=384 135) | Ventilatory support (n=76 607) | Deaths only† (n=10 884) | |||||
| COVID-19 deaths | 158 020 (0·3%) | 158 020 (2·2%) | 12 026 (0·3%) | 20 903 (0·7%) | 82 681 (21·5%) | 31 526 (41·2%) | .. | .. | |
| All deaths | 962 754 (1·7%) | 224 475 (3·1%) | 20 638 (0·5%) | 47 346 (1·7%) | 112 693 (29·3%) | 32 914 (43·0%) | .. | .. | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 28 279 784 (49·6%) | 3 367 117 (46·5%) | 1 881 770 (47·7%) | 1 239 487 (43·9%) | 192 556 (50·1%) | 48 197 (62·9%) | 5107 (46·9%) | 86 094 (54·5%) | |
| Female | 28 752 390 (50·4%) | 3 877 808 (53·5%) | 2 066 309 (52·3%) | 1 585 733 (56·1%) | 191 579 (49·9%) | 28 410 (37·1%) | 5777 (53·1%) | 71 926 (45·5%) | |
| Age, years | |||||||||
| <18 | 11 612 932 (20·4%) | 1 456 663 (20·1%) | 1 094 645 (27·7%) | 353 197 (12·5%) | 7995 (2·1%) | 823 (1·1%) | <5 (0·0%) | 85 (0·1%) | |
| 18–29 | 8 749 196 (15·3%) | 1 458 665 (20·1%) | 866 886 (22·0%) | 569 538 (20·2%) | 20 190 (5·3%) | 2036 (2·7%) | 15 (0·1%) | 318 (0·2%) | |
| 30–49 | 15 736 022 (27·6%) | 2 222 207 (30·7%) | 1 169 541 (29·6%) | 980 092 (34·7%) | 59 536 (15·5%) | 12 806 (16·7%) | 232 (2·1%) | 3651 (2·3%) | |
| 50–69 | 13 615 556 (23·9%) | 1 485 351 (20·5%) | 655 180 (16·6%) | 699 003 (24·7%) | 95 869 (25·0%) | 34 123 (44·5%) | 1176 (10·8%) | 24 828 (15·7%) | |
| ≥70 | 73 18 468 (12·8%) | 622 039 (8·6%) | 161 827 (4·1%) | 223 390 (7·9%) | 200 545 (52·2%) | 26 819 (35·0%) | 9458 (86·9%) | 129 138 (81·7%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 45 800 803 (80·3%) | 5 898 279 (81·4%) | 3 291 417 (83·4%) | 2 226 930 (78·8%) | 313 864 (81·7%) | 56 403 (73·6%) | 9665 (88·8%) | 138 434 (87·6%) | |
| Asian or Asian British | 4 962 875 (8·7%) | 714 168 (9·9%) | 315 031 (8·0%) | 349 669 (12·4%) | 37 733 (9·8%) | 11 202 (14·6%) | 533 (4·9%) | 10 573 (6·7%) | |
| Black or Black British | 2 209 984 (3·9%) | 241 053 (3·3%) | 118 109 (3·0%) | 99 736 (3·5%) | 17 917 (4·7%) | 4958 (6·5%) | 333 (3·1%) | 4771 (3·0%) | |
| Chinese | 518 709 (0·9%) | 21 758 (0·3%) | 11 954 (0·3%) | 8218 (0·3%) | 1145 (0·3%) | 412 (0·5%) | 29 (0·3%) | 382 (0·2%) | |
| Mixed | 1 224 101 (2·1%) | 153 693 (2·1%) | 91 333 (2·3%) | 55 647 (2·0%) | 5338 (1·4%) | 1300 (1·7%) | 75 (0·7%) | 1110 (0·7%) | |
| Other | 1 213 559 (2·1%) | 126 040 (1·7%) | 64 121 (1·6%) | 53 581 (1·9%) | 6406 (1·7%) | 1809 (2·4%) | 123 (1·1%) | 1648 (1·0%) | |
| Unknown | 1 102 143 (1·9%) | 89 934 (1·2%) | 56 114 (1·4%) | 31 439 (1·1%) | 1732 (0·5%) | 523 (0·7%) | 126 (1·2%) | 1102 (0·7%) | |
| Social deprivation quintiles | |||||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 11 762 185 (20·6%) | 1 607 009 (22·2%) | 826 775 (20·9%) | 652 071 (23·1%) | 104 070 (27·1%) | 21 797 (28·5%) | 2296 (21·1%) | 37 636 (23·8%) | |
| 5 (least deprived) | 10 910 882 (19·1%) | 1 334 226 (18·4%) | 775 562 (19·6%) | 489 938 (17·3%) | 56 392 (14·7%) | 10 212 (13·3%) | 2122 (19·5%) | 26 162 (16·6%) | |
| Unknown | 54 905 (0·1%) | 5272 (0·1%) | 2565 (0·1%) | 2299 (0·1%) | 340 (0·1%) | 43 (0·1%) | 25 (0·2%) | 136 (0·1%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Shielded Patient List | 4 084 631 (7·2%) | 563 515 (7·8%) | 173 799 (4·4%) | 227 966 (8·1%) | 135 327 (35·2%) | 24 322 (31·7%) | 2101 (19·3%) | 51 113 (32·3%) | |
| Circulatory (35) | 10 853 569 (19·0%) | 1 116 173 (15·4%) | 373 739 (9·5%) | 462 290 (16·4%) | 228 120 (59·4%) | 43 490 (56·8%) | 8534 (78·4%) | 126 310 (79·9%) | |
| Respiratory (16) | 9 930 315 (17·4%) | 1 407 172 (19·4%) | 687 359 (17·4%) | 566 344 (20·0%) | 124 530 (32·4%) | 25 677 (33·5%) | 3262 (30·0%) | 55 695 (35·2%) | |
| Genitourinary (17) | 3 876 594 (6·8%) | 530 319 (7·3%) | 197 903 (5·0%) | 219 146 (7·8%) | 93 613 (24·4%) | 16 006 (20·9%) | 3651 (33·5%) | 50 915 (32·2%) | |
| Digestive (25) | 5 195 635 (9·1%) | 664 291 (9·2%) | 284 903 (7·2%) | 274 936 (9·7%) | 85 601 (22·3%) | 16 416 (21·4%) | 2435 (22·4%) | 40 303 (25·5%) | |
| Endocrine (7) | 7 625 521 (13·4%) | 941 512 (13·0%) | 357 992 (9·1%) | 398 041 (14·1%) | 147 747 (38·5%) | 33 415 (43·6%) | 4317 (39·7%) | 71917 (45·5%) | |
| Haematological or immunological (18) | 663 176 (1·2%) | 93 402 (1·3%) | 36 693 (0·9%) | 36 952 (1·3%) | 16 017 (4·2%) | 3376 (4·4%) | 364 (3·3%) | 7349 (4·7%) | |
| Infectious diseases (26) | 8 619 925 (15·1%) | 1 328 220 (18·3%) | 672 065 (17·0%) | 492 033 (17·4%) | 137 849 (35·9%) | 20 739 (27·1%) | 5534 (50·8%) | 71 595 (45·3%) | |
| Neurological (12) | 1 826 233 (3·2%) | 235 511 (3·3%) | 88 328 (2·2%) | 93 773 (3·3%) | 44 333 (11·5%) | 7625 (10·0%) | 1452 (13·3%) | 21 802 (13·8%) | |
| Cancers (41) | 5 848 962 (10·3%) | 722 801 (10·0%) | 347 013 (8·8%) | 295 587 (10·5%) | 66 772 (17·4%) | 11 567 (15·1%) | 1862 (17·1%) | 31 857 (20·2%) | |
| Benign neoplasms (7) | 2 731 961 (4·8%) | 328 575 (4·5%) | 129 357 (3·3%) | 145 444 (5·1%) | 44 432 (11·6%) | 8284 (10·8%) | 1058 (9·7%) | 19 528 (12·4%) | |
| Mental health (13) | 12 214 921 (21·4%) | 1 566 420 (21·6%) | 694 957 (17·6%) | 677 292 (24·0%) | 159 053 (41·4%) | 28 006 (36·6%) | 7112 (65·3%) | 78 549 (49·7%) | |
| Musculoskeletal [19) | 4 264 373 (7·5%) | 504 216 (7·0%) | 181 960 (4·6%) | 207 463 (7·3%) | 96 128 (25·0%) | 14 399 (18·8%) | 4266 (39·2%) | 55 333 (35·0%) | |
| Skin (9) | 1 519 639 (2·7%) | 216 893 (3·0%) | 112 218 (2·8%) | 83 282 (2·9%) | 17 748 (4·6%) | 3143 (4·1%) | 502 (4·6%) | 7959 (5·0%) | |
| Eye (12) | 4 730 278 (8·3%) | 50 9135 (7·0%) | 148 608 (3·8%) | 196 015 (6·9%) | 135 043 (35·2%) | 24 269 (31·7%) | 5200 (47·8%) | 79 071 (50·0%) | |
| Ear (3) | 179 756 (0·3%) | 21 340 (0·3%) | 6592 (0·2%) | 8254 (0·3%) | 5588 (1·5%) | 686 (0·9%) | 220 (2·0%) | 3185 (2·0%) | |
| Perinatal (9) | 1 595 554 (2·8%) | 204 830 (2·8%) | 141 840 (3·6%) | 58 499 (2·1%) | 3752 (1·0%) | 680 (0·9%) | 59 (0·5%) | 860 (0·5%) | |
| Median number of comorbidities (IQR) | 1·00 (0·00–3·00) | 1·00 (0·00–3·00) | 1·00 (0·00–2·00) | 1·00 (0·00–3·00) | 5·00 (2·00–9·00) | 4·00 (2·00–8·00) | 7·00 (4·00–11·00) | 8·00 (4·00–11·00) | |
Data are n (%), unless otherwise specified. For comorbidities, numbers in parentheses show the number of conditions included under each clinical specialty; counts of individuals identified for each of the 270 CALIBER phenotypes are shown in the appendix (pp 27–31). Multimorbidity represents the binary sum across all 270 CALIBER phenotypes. Counts of less than 5 are presented as <5 to maintain anonymity.
*
Severity was defined as the worst presentation of a patient in their disease course and was mutually exclusive, thus individuals were only assigned a single severity.
†
Represents patients who did not have any other COVID-19 related health-care presentation before death, for whom COVID-19 was recorded on the death certificate.