Table 2.
Comparison of COVID-19 hospital admissions between pandemic waves 1 and 2
| All COVID-19 cases (n=7 244 925) |
All hospital admissions |
Hospitalised with no ventilatory support |
ICU admission |
Ventilatory support outside of the ICU |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave 1 (n=92 108) | Wave 2 (n=230 033) | Wave 1 (n=77 202) | Wave 2 (n=191 528) | Wave 1 (n=9843) | Wave 2 (n=23 753) | Wave 1 (n=5063) | Wave 2 (n=14 752) | |||
| COVID-19 phenotypes | ||||||||||
| Positive SARS-CoV-2 test | 6 778 342 (93·6%) | 71 538 (77·7%) | 216 434 (94·1%) | 58 947 (76·4%) | 179 730 (93·8%) | 8428 (85·6%) | 22 812 (96·0%) | 4163 (82·2%) | 13 892 (94·2%) | |
| Primary care diagnosis | 3 056 132 (42·2%) | 52 648 (57·2%) | 127 650 (55·5%) | 43 385 (56·2%) | 105 352 (55·0%) | 6318 (64·2%) | 14 006 (59·0%) | 2945 (58·2%) | 8292 (56·2%) | |
| Hospital admission | 460 737 (6·4%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Ventilatory support | 76 607 (1·1%) | 14 906 (16·2%) | 38 505 (16·7%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| ICU admission | 48 847 (0·7%) | 9843 (10·7%) | 23 753 (10·3%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 69 090 (1·0%) | 12 837 (13·9%) | 35 516 (15·4%) | .. | .. | 7976 (81·0%) | 21 000 (88·4%) | 4861 (96·0%) | 14516 (98·4%) | |
| Invasive ventilation | 25 928 (0·4%) | 6584 (7·1%) | 12 436 (5·4%) | .. | .. | 6245 (63·4%) | 11 810 (49·7%) | 339 (6·7%) | 626 (4·2%) | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 696 (0·0%) | 206 (0·2%) | 289 (0·1%) | .. | .. | 204 (2·1%) | 278 (1·2%) | <5 (0·0%) | 11 (0·1%) | |
| COVID-19 deaths (%) | ||||||||||
| All deaths | 158 020 (2·2%) | 30 034 (32·6%) | 60 855 (26·5%) | 23 485 (30·4%) | 44 220 (23·1%) | 3980 (40·4%) | 9781 (41·2%) | 2569 (50·7%) | 6854 (46·5%) | |
| Inpatient deaths | 99 938 (1·4%) | 25 959 (28·2%) | 53 488 (23·3%) | 19 628 (25·4%) | 37 324 (19·5%) | 3865 (39·3%) | 9546 (40·2%) | 2466 (48·7%) | 6618 (44·9%) | |
| Deaths with COVID-19 diagnosis | 139 818 (1·9%) | 26 874 (29·2%) | 56 284 (24·5%) | 20 784 (26·9%) | 40 276 (21·0%) | 3708 (37·7%) | 9361 (39·4%) | 2382 (47·0%) | 6647 (45·1%) | |
| Deaths without COVID-19 diagnosis | 15 486 (0·2%) | 2728 (3·0%) | 3182 (1·4%) | 2366 (3·1%) | 2817 (1·5%) | 206 (2·1%) | 214 (0·9%) | 156 (3·1%) | 151 (1·0%) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 3 367 117 (46·5%) | 50 426 (54·7%) | 119 785 (52·1%) | 40 503 (52·5%) | 95 582 (49·9%) | 6713 (68·2%) | 15359 (64·7%) | 3210 (63·4%) | 8844 (60·0%) | |
| Female | 3 877 808 (53·5%) | 41 682 (45·3%) | 110 248 (47·9%) | 36 699 (47·5%) | 95 946 (50·1%) | 3130 (31·8%) | 8394 (35·3%) | 1853 (36·6%) | 5908 (40·0%) | |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| <18 | 1 456 663 (20·1%) | 1135 (1·2%) | 2709 (1·2%) | 949 (1·2%) | 2478 (1·3%) | 164 (1·7%) | 179 (0·8%) | 22 (0·4%) | 52 (0·4%) | |
| 18–29 | 1 458 665 (20·1%) | 2309 (2·5%) | 8333 (3·6%) | 2050 (2·7%) | 7651 (4·0%) | 208 (2·1%) | 538 (2·3%) | 51 (1·0%) | 144 (1·0%) | |
| 30–49 | 2 222 207 (30·7%) | 10 893 (11·8%) | 31 461 (13·7%) | 8666 (11·2%) | 25 968 (13·6%) | 1732 (17·6%) | 4043 (17·0%) | 495 (9·8%) | 1450 (9·8%) | |
| 50–69 | 1 485 351 (20·5%) | 25 596 (27·8%) | 67 051 (29·1%) | 18 481 (23·9%) | 49 505 (25·8%) | 5318 (54·0%) | 12 102 (50·9%) | 1797 (35·5%) | 5444 (36·9%) | |
| ≥70 | 622 039 (8·6%) | 52 175 (56·6%) | 120 479 (52·4%) | 47 056 (61·0%) | 105 926 (55·3%) | 2421 (24·6%) | 6891 (29·0%) | 2698 (53·3%) | 7662 (51·9%) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White | 5 898 279 (81·4%) | 74 157 (80·5%) | 186 341 (81·0%) | 63 862 (82·7%) | 157 501 (82·2%) | 6426 (65·3%) | 16 858 (71·0%) | 3869 (76·4%) | 11 982 (81·2%) | |
| Asian or Asian British | 714 168 (9·9%) | 8671 (9·4%) | 25 031 (10·9%) | 6474 (8·4%) | 19 213 (10·0%) | 1626 (16·5%) | 4131 (17·4%) | 571 (11·3%) | 1687 (11·4%) | |
| Black or Black British | 241 053 (3·3%) | 5434 (5·9%) | 9939 (4·3%) | 4017 (5·2%) | 7943 (4·1%) | 1032 (10·5%) | 1491 (6·3%) | 385 (7·6%) | 505 (3·4%) | |
| Chinese | 21 758 (0·3%) | 331 (0·4%) | 753 (0·3%) | 227 (0·3%) | 561 (0·3%) | 80 (0·8%) | 133 (0·6%) | 24 (0·5%) | 59 (0·4%) | |
| Mixed | 153 693 (2·1%) | 1294 (1·4%) | 2954 (1·3%) | 989 (1·3%) | 2391 (1·2%) | 233 (2·4%) | 392 (1·7%) | 72 (1·4%) | 171 (1·2%) | |
| Other | 126 040 (1·7%) | 1757 (1·9%) | 3939 (1·7%) | 1293 (1·7%) | 3100 (1·6%) | 354 (3·6%) | 587 (2·5%) | 110 (2·2%) | 252 (1·7%) | |
| Unknown | 89 934 (1·2%) | 464 (0·5%) | 1076 (0·5%) | 340 (0·4%) | 819 (0·4%) | 92 (0·9%) | 161 (0·7%) | 32 (0·6%) | 96 (0·7%) | |
| Social deprivation quintiles | ||||||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 1 607 009 (22·2%) | 23 405 (25·4%) | 60 145 (26·1%) | 19 591 (25·4%) | 49 552 (25·9%) | 2593 (26·3%) | 6689 (28·2%) | 1221 (24·1%) | 3904 (26·5%) | |
| 5 (least deprived) | 1 334 226 (18·4%) | 14 109 (15·3%) | 34 219 (14·9%) | 11 930 (15·5%) | 28 969 (15·1%) | 1440 (14·6%) | 3154 (13·3%) | 739 (14·6%) | 2096 (14·2%) | |
| Unknown | 5272 (0·1%) | 70 (0·1%) | 194 (0·1%) | 63 (0·1%) | 169 (0·1%) | <5 (0·0%) | 14 (0·1%) | <5 (0·1%) | 11 (0·1%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Shielded Patient List | 563 515 (7·8%) | 34 237 (37·2%) | 79 719 (34·7%) | 29 631 (38·4%) | 67 886 (35·4%) | 2731 (27·7%) | 6527 (27·5%) | 1875 (37·0%) | 5306 (36·0%) | |
| Circulatory (35) | 1 116 173 (15·4%) | 61 077 (66·3%) | 141 864 (61·7%) | 52 220 (67·6%) | 119 092 (62·2%) | 5248 (53·3%) | 12 963 (54·6%) | 3609 (71·3%) | 9809 (66·5%) | |
| Respiratory (16) | 1 407 172 (19·4%) | 31 867 (34·6%) | 74 399 (32·3%) | 27 018 (35·0%) | 61 272 (32·0%) | 2747 (27·9%) | 7198 (30·3%) | 2102 (41·5%) | 5929 (40·2%) | |
| Genitourinary (17) | 530 319 (7·3%) | 27 005 (29·3%) | 54 127 (23·5%) | 23 745 (30·8%) | 46 162 (24·1%) | 1790 (18·2%) | 4430 (18·7%) | 1470 (29·0%) | 3535 (24·0%) | |
| Digestive (25) | 664 291 (9·2%) | 22 300 (24·2%) | 51 743 (22·5%) | 19 093 (24·7%) | 43 254 (22·6%) | 1935 (19·7%) | 4930 (20·8%) | 1272 (25·1%) | 3559 (24·1%) | |
| Endocrine (7) | 941 512 (13·0%) | 39 260 (42·6%) | 93 643 (40·7%) | 32 595 (42·2%) | 76 257 (39·8%) | 4191 (42·6%) | 10 360 (43·6%) | 2474 (48·9%) | 7026 (47·6%) | |
| Haematological or immunological (18) | 93 402 (1·3%) | 4590 (5·0%) | 8965 (3·9%) | 3856 (5·0%) | 7439 (3·9%) | 430 (4·4%) | 901 (3·8%) | 304 (6·0%) | 625 (4·2%) | |
| Infectious diseases (26) | 1 328 220 (18·3%) | 37 574 (40·8%) | 76 416 (33·2%) | 33 442 (43·3%) | 66 304 (34·6%) | 2169 (22·0%) | 5356 (22·5%) | 1963 (38·8%) | 4756 (32·2%) | |
| Neurological (12) | 235 511 (3·3%) | 11 977 (13·0%) | 26 157 (11·4%) | 10 479 (13·6%) | 22 273 (11·6%) | 846 (8·6%) | 2162 (9·1%) | 652 (12·9%) | 1722 (11·7%) | |
| Cancers (41) | 722 801 (10·0%) | 16 998 (18·5%) | 38 913 (16·9%) | 14 740 (19·1%) | 33 132 (17·3%) | 1318 (13·4%) | 3301 (13·9%) | 940 (18·6%) | 2480 (16·8%) | |
| Benign neoplasms (7) | 328 575 (4·5%) | 11 383 (12·4%) | 26 920 (11·7%) | 9751 (12·6%) | 22 587 (11·8%) | 972 (9·9%) | 2396 (10·1%) | 660 (13·0%) | 1937 (13·1%) | |
| Mental Health (13) | 1 566 420 (21·6%) | 40 847 (44·3%) | 93 979 (40·9%) | 35 515 (46·0%) | 79 581 (41·6%) | 3315 (33·7%) | 8550 (36·0%) | 2017 (39·8%) | 5848 (39·6%) | |
| Musculoskeletal (19) | 504 216 (7·0%) | 25 607 (27·8%) | 57 099 (24·8%) | 22 853 (29·6%) | 49 527 (25·9%) | 1430 (14·5%) | 3980 (16·8%) | 1324 (26·2%) | 3592 (24·3%) | |
| Skin (9) | 216 893 (3·0%) | 4436 (4·8%) | 10 065 (4·4%) | 3821 (4·9%) | 8549 (4·5%) | 366 (3·7%) | 857 (3·6%) | 249 (4·9%) | 659 (4·5%) | |
| Eye (12) | 509 135 (7·0%) | 36 677 (39·8%) | 83 328 (36·2%) | 31 651 (41·0%) | 70 653 (36·9%) | 2895 (29·4%) | 7091 (29·9%) | 2131 (42·1%) | 5584 (37·9%) | |
| Ear (3) | 21 340 (0·3%) | 1463 (1·6%) | 3265 (1·4%) | 1329 (1·7%) | 2935 (1·5%) | 66 (0·7%) | 152 (0·6%) | 68 (1·3%) | 178 (1·2%) | |
| Perinatal (9) | 204 830 (2·8%) | 780 (0·8%) | 1905 (0·8%) | 662 (0·9%) | 1584 (0·8%) | 79 (0·8%) | 208 (0·9%) | 39 (0·8%) | 113 (0·8%) | |
| Median number of comorbidities (IQR) | 1·00 (0·00–3·00) | 6·00 (3·00–10·00) | 5·00 (2·00–9·00) | 7·00 (3·00–11·00) | 5·00 (2·00–9·00) | 4·00 (2·00–7·00) | 4·00 (2·0– 7·00) | 6·00 (3·00–11·00) | 6·00 (3·00–10·00) | |
Data are n (%), unless otherwise specified. For comorbidities, numbers in parentheses show the number of conditions included under each clinical specialty; counts of individuals identified for each of the 270 CALIBER phenotypes are shown in the appendix (pp 27–31). Counts of less than 5 are presented as <5 to maintain anonymity.