Table 2.

Summary of stretching techniques based on a systematic review of published literature.

Study	Study Design	Control Group	Study Sample	Intervention and Dosage	Outcome Variables	Main Results	Study’s Risk of Bias
Crook et al., 2007 [26]	Cohort	No	10 Labrador retrievers Inclusion: healthy, over 1.5 years old, confirmed osteoarthritis of elbow, stifle, or carpus with limited range of motion Exclusion: Severe pain, other musculoskeletal disorders, long-term corticosteroid treatment, non-compliant owner	10 repetitions of 10 s stretches of the affected joint, twice a day for 21 days	Affected joint range of motion	Significant increase in the range of motion of the affected joints.	Moderate
Rose, Northorp, Brigden, Brigden, Martin, 2009 [27]	Non-randomized controlled trial	Yes, control	18 horses Inclusion: - Exclusion: -	Passive stretching of limbs on 6 or 3 days a week; each stretch performed twice, with 10 + 20 s hold	Stride length and range of motion in trot	No significant increase in stride length: daily stretching may cause adverse reactions.	High