qRT PCR analysis of pain-associated ion channels KCa3.1, TRPA1, TRPM8, CaV2.2, and NaV1.8. (A–E) Relative gene expression of KCa3.1 ((A), WT old n = 5, GLA KO old n = 7), TRPA1 ((B), WT old n = 7, GLA KO old n = 6), TRPM8 ((C), WT old n = 5, GLA KO old n = 6), CaV2.2 ((D), WT old n = 7, GLA KO old n = 6), and NaV1.8 ((E), WT old n = 6, GLA KO old n = 6) in DRG of old WT (◯) and old GLA KO mice (●). Abbreviations: CaV2.2 = voltage-gated calcium channel 2.2; DRG = dorsal root ganglia; GLA KO = alpha-galactosidase A knockout; KCa3.1 = calcium-activated potassium channel 3.1; NaV1.8 = voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8; qRT PCR = quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; TRPA1 = transient receptor potential ankyrin 1; TRPM8 = transient receptor potential melastatin 8; WT = wildtype. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.