Table 1.
Patient characteristics (Abbreviation: IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation; NAFLD—non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; α-FP—alpha-fetoprotein).
| Demographic Characteristics | Overall Cohort (n = 691) | Milan era (n = 254) 1997–2006 |
UCSF era (n = 437) 2007–2015 |
P Value (Era Comparison) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender male/female n (%) | 595 (86)/96 (14) | 219 (86)/35 (14) | 377 (86)/60 (14) | 0.871 # |
| Median Age in years (IQR) | 55.7 (51.5–60.1) | 54.7 (49.1–58.8) | 56.4 (52.2–60.4) | 0.001 * |
| Underlying disease n (%) Viral hepatitis Alcohol-related disease Immune/Inflammatory /metabolic NAFLD |
543 (79) 65 (9) 45 (7) 37 (5) |
200 (79) 28 (11) 13 (5) 13 (5) |
343 (79) 37 (9) 32 (7) 24 (5) |
0.502 # |
| Median serum α-FP at listing in ng/ml (IQR) | 12 (5.0–44.0) | 17 (6.0–80.7) | 9.8 (4.0–28.4) | <0.001 * |
| Hepatitis status n (%) Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Hepatitis B & C No hepatitis |
362 (53) 165 (24) 16 (2) 148 (21) |
112 (44) 78 (31) 10 (4) 54 (21) |
250 (57) 87 (20) 6 (1) 94 (22) |
0.001 # |
| Pathological characteristics at explant | ||||
| Mean tumor number ( ± SD) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (1.5) | 0.468 * |
| Mean size of largest tumor in cm (±SD) | 2.7 (1.8) | 2.6 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.9) | 0.659 * |
| Mean total tumor diameter in cm (±SD) | 3.9 (2.9) | 3.7 (2.8) | 4.1 (3.0) | 0.054 * |
| Capsular invasion n (%) | 33 (5) | 16 (6) | 17 (4) | 0.151 # |
| Vascular invasion n (%) Macrovascular invasion Microvascular invasion No invasion Not available |
22 (3) 73 (11) 436 (63) 160 (23) |
13 (5) 27 (11) 178 (70) 36 (14) |
9 (2) 46 (11) 258 (59) 124 (28) |
0.177 # |
| Lymph node status n (%) Involved Uninvolved Not available |
21 (3) 339 (49) 331 (48) |
6 (2) 172 (68) 76 (30) |
15 (3) 167 (38) 255 (59) |
0.049 # |
* Mann–Whitney U Test; # Pearson Chi-Square Test (a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant).