Table 5.
Effect of flaxseed oil encapsulation on in vitro biohydrogenation of fatty acids (mg/g of fat).
| Treatments | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Items | Time (h) | Control | Flaxseed Oil (7%) | Flaxseed Oil (14%) | Chitosan (7%) | Chitosan (14%) | Calcium Alginate (7%) | Calcium Alginate (14%) | SEM | p-Value |
| SFA | 2 | 79.52 c | 80.31 c | 61.14 d | 56.25 e | 52.37 f | 98.60 a | 91.40 b | 0.406 | <0.0001 |
| 4 | 82.62 d | 82.86 d | 96.17 c | 59.31 e | 53.82 f | 99.11 a | 92.15 b | 0.692 | <0.0001 | |
| 24 | 84.16 d | 92.98 a | 88.46 b | 61.05 d | 68.69 c | 96.00 a | 92.79 a | 0.958 | <0.0001 | |
| USFA | 2 | 20.45 c | 18.46 c | 38.63 b | 39.56 b | 42.42 a | 1.22 e | 4.92 d | 0.380 | <0.0001 |
| 4 | 17.03 c | 16.42 c | 12.19 d | 35.29 b | 40.22 a | 0.48 f | 3.91 e | 0.234 | <0.0001 | |
| 24 | 15.08 b | 4.61 c | 10.74 b,c | 37.88 a | 13.93 b | 1.98 c | 3.12 c | 2.534 | <0.0001 | |
| SCFA | 2 | 31.85 d | 36.07 c | 15.14 d | 3.26 f | 5.39 e | 77.11 a | 40.54 b | 0.224 | <0.0001 |
| 4 | 29.75 e | 45.45 b | 39.00 c | 8.87 e | 33.95 d | 64.55 a | 34.56 d | 0.954 | <0.0001 | |
| 24 | 39.66 d | 47.65 c | 30.65 e | 13.30 f | 53.82 b | 70.77 a | 36.45 d | 0.741 | <0.0001 | |
| MCFA | 2 | 7.42 f | 17.55 c | 16.91 c | 28.56 b | 45.61 a | 14.06 d | 12.32 e | 0.308 | <0.0001 |
| 4 | 6.60 e | 9.70 d | 25.80 a | 25.53 a | 22.87 b | 25.83 a | 16.49 c | 0.491 | <0.0001 | |
| 24 | 5.92 f | 12.83 e | 19.65 b | 26.99 a | 17.22 c | 12.53 e | 14.54 d | 0.368 | <0.0001 | |
| LCFA | 2 | 35.45 d | 16.86 d | 48.02 b | 53.92 a | 46.56 b | 8.67 e | 41.47 c | 0.791 | <0.0001 |
| 4 | 38.24 c | 22.64 d | 23.48 d | 50.34 a | 34.91 c | 7.82 e | 45.32 b | 0.448 | <0.0001 | |
| 24 | 30.79 c | 17.83 e | 30.93 c | 47.85 a | 28.88 d | 15.45 f | 40.36 b | 0.336 | <0.0001 | |
Treatments: Control: diet without supplemented oil, flaxseed oil (7%): diet containing 7% of flaxseed oil, flaxseed oil (14%): diet containing 14% of flaxseed oil, Chitosan (7%): diet containing 7% flaxseed oil encapsulated with 500 ppm chitosan, Chitosan (14%): diet containing 14% flaxseed oil encapsulated with 1000 ppm chitosan, Calcium alginate (7%): diet containing 7% flaxseed oil encapsulated with 500 ppm calcium alginate, Calcium alginate (14%): diet containing 14% flaxseed oil encapsulated with 1000 ppm calcium alginate. SFA: Saturated fatty acids, USFA: Unsaturated fatty acids, SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids (C4:0–C12:0), MCFA: Medium-chain fatty acids (C13:0–C17:0), LCFA: Long-chain fatty acids (C18:0–C22:0). SEM: Standard error of means. a,b,c,d,e,f Means within the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p < 0.05).