Table 3. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of double vision, itchy eyes and any ocular complaints during COVID-19 lockdown among schoolchildren age 12–19 years.
| Variables | Double vision | F, sig. | Itchy eyes | F, sig. | Any ocular# | F, sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||||
| Age category, years | ||||||
| 12–13 | 30.00 [17.57–46.28] | 1.133, p = 0.336 | 45.45 [31.06–60.65] | 1.682, p = 0.176 | 62.86 [50.46–73.76] | 5.384, p = 0.002 |
| 14–15 | 32.11 [24.15–41.26] | 43.05 [35.86–50.54] | 76.02 [70.07–81.10] | |||
| 16–17 | 32.05 [22.55–43.31] | 44.44 [33.85–55.57] | 79.28 [69.77–86.38] | |||
| 18–19 | 48.15 [31.22–65.52] | 61.22 [48.41–2.65] | 94.83 [84.87–98.36] | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Boys | 25.83 [18.50–34.83] | 4.719, p = 0.0355 | 40.65 [33.53–48.18] | 5.860, p = 0.020 | 72.33 [66.94–77.14] | 5.255, p = 0.027 |
| Girls | 41.09 [30.94–52.04] | 52.20 [45.66–58.66] | 82.27 [76.45–86.90] | |||
| Nature of community | ||||||
| Rural | 27.78 [20.82–36.01] | 5.124, p = 0.028 | 42.86 [34.78–51.34] | 1.150, p = 0.288 | 72.07 [66.14–77.31] | 6.549, p = 0.014 |
| Urban | 37.67 [30.32–45.64] | 48.78 [42.05–55.56] | 80.86 [77.08–84.15] | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Afro-Trinidad | 33.33 [21.05–48.39] | 0.364, p = 0.774 | 39.62 [27.54–53.12] | 0.655, p = 0.573 | 76.71 [66.28–84.66] | 1.532, p = 0.212 |
| Indo-Tri | 35.14 [25.29–45.14] | 49.1 [40.67–57.59] | 80.84 [74.47–85.92] | |||
| Mixed | 34.29 [23.57–46.88] | 47.83 [37.29–58.56] | 75.00 [65.34–82.68] | |||
| Others | 24.00 [10.24–46.63] | 39.39 [23.98–57.26] | 65.00 [49.86–77.62] | |||
| Year in school | ||||||
| Form 1–3 | 32.37 [25.41–40.21] | 0.169, p = 0.683 | 43.48 [36.66–50.55] | 1.238, p = 0.272 | 71.61 [66.66–76.09] | 8.759, p = 0.005 |
| Form 4–6 | 34.78 [25.55–45.32] | 49.69 [41.60–57. 80] | 83.92 [78.56–88.14] | |||
| Average daily hours spent on DD | ||||||
| <2 h | 40.00 [24.10–58.33] | 1.784, p = 0.160 | 32.00 [15.87–54.00] | 1.954, p = 0.1292 | 69.44 [52.58–82.33] | 1.261, p = 0.291 |
| 2–4 h | 18.18 [6.58–41.20] | 38.46 [23.27–56.29] | 67.57 [50.35–81.06] | |||
| 4–6 h | 30.43 [22.36–39.93] | 47.26 [40.96–53.65] | 78.60 [74.79–81.97] | |||
| >6 h | 42.03 [29.84–55.28] | 50.54 [39.39–61.63] | 80.00 [70.48–87.01] | |||
| Behavioural factor: Posture | ||||||
| Lying down | ||||||
| No | 30.36 [24.85–36.50] | 8.426, p = 0.005 | 43.42[38.23–48.76] | 11.113, p = 0.001 | 76.58 [73.24–79.62] | 0.817, p = 0.371 |
| Yes | 56.67 [36.88–74.53] | 68.29 [54.09–79.74] | 81.82 [70.31–89.53] | |||
| Sitting | ||||||
| No | 45.45 [32.83–58.69] | 6.283, p = 0.016 | 54.35 [44.27–64.08] | 3.162, p = 0.082 | 79.83 [73.15–85.19] | 0.711, p = 0.403 |
| Yes | 29.26 [23.29–36.03] | 43.48 [37.40–49.76] | 76.27 [72.09–79.99] | |||
| Sitting & Lying down | ||||||
| No | 33.78 [27.19–41.07] | 8.426, p = 0.005 | 46.93 [41.36–52.57] | 11.113, p = 0.001 | 76.61 [73.32–79.60] | 0.817, p = 0.371 |
| Yes | 31.03 [16.90–49.90] | 41.67 [27.78–57.02] | 82.61 [70.18–90.56] | |||
| Prevention strategies | ||||||
| Wears glasses | ||||||
| No | 33.92 [26.88–41.75] | 0.053, p = 0.818 | 45.33 [39.32–51.48] | 0.234, p = 0631 | 76.57 [72.78–79.98] | 0.817, p = 0.370 |
| Yes | 32.53 [23.14–43.58] | 48.33 [38.28–58.52] | 78.52 [71.17–84.41] | |||
| Interventions Treatment type |
||||||
| Spectacles | 40.7 [30.94–51.25] | 3.132, p = 0.052 | 52.94 [43.83–61.86] | 7.648, p = 0.001 | 84.71 [79.34–88.88] | 5.049, p = 0.009 |
| Medications | 43.48 [23.76–65.50] | 72.97 [51.61–87.24] | 77.55 [64.17–86.95] | |||
| None | 27.59 [21.39–34.78] | 37.04 [30.55–44.02] | 72.05 [67.43–76.25] | |||
| Eye exam in the last year | ||||||
| No | 28.99 [23.05–35.74] | 9.078, p = 0.004 | 40.15[34.87–45.66] | 21.518, p = 0.000 | 72.42 [69.35–75.3] | 26.728, p < 0.001 |
| Yes | 53.19 [37. 15–68.60] | 68.42 [57.22–77.83] | 92.38 [86.44–95.85] | |||
| Took actions to resolve complaints | ||||||
| No | 25.00 [19.24–31.81] | 26.053, p < 0.001 | 39.66 [34.90–44.61] | 14.41, p < 0.001 | 69.15 [65.09–72.94] | 32.669, p < 0.001 |
| Yes | 52.56 [41.39–63.48] | 60.18 [49.63–69.85] | 94.29 [88.88–97.15] |
Notes:
Any ocular symptom.
p–values are significant (sig.) from chi square test at 5%, F values are shown and the degree of freedom df = 42.