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. 2022 Jun 6;10:e13334. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13334

Table 3. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of double vision, itchy eyes and any ocular complaints during COVID-19 lockdown among schoolchildren age 12–19 years.

Variables Double vision F, sig. Itchy eyes F, sig. Any ocular# F, sig.
Socio-demographic factors
Age category, years
12–13 30.00 [17.57–46.28] 1.133, p = 0.336 45.45 [31.06–60.65] 1.682, p = 0.176 62.86 [50.46–73.76] 5.384, p = 0.002
14–15 32.11 [24.15–41.26] 43.05 [35.86–50.54] 76.02 [70.07–81.10]
16–17 32.05 [22.55–43.31] 44.44 [33.85–55.57] 79.28 [69.77–86.38]
18–19 48.15 [31.22–65.52] 61.22 [48.41–2.65] 94.83 [84.87–98.36]
Gender
Boys 25.83 [18.50–34.83] 4.719, p = 0.0355 40.65 [33.53–48.18] 5.860, p = 0.020 72.33 [66.94–77.14] 5.255, p = 0.027
Girls 41.09 [30.94–52.04] 52.20 [45.66–58.66] 82.27 [76.45–86.90]
Nature of community
Rural 27.78 [20.82–36.01] 5.124, p = 0.028 42.86 [34.78–51.34] 1.150, p = 0.288 72.07 [66.14–77.31] 6.549, p = 0.014
Urban 37.67 [30.32–45.64] 48.78 [42.05–55.56] 80.86 [77.08–84.15]
Ethnicity
Afro-Trinidad 33.33 [21.05–48.39] 0.364, p = 0.774 39.62 [27.54–53.12] 0.655, p = 0.573 76.71 [66.28–84.66] 1.532, p = 0.212
Indo-Tri 35.14 [25.29–45.14] 49.1 [40.67–57.59] 80.84 [74.47–85.92]
Mixed 34.29 [23.57–46.88] 47.83 [37.29–58.56] 75.00 [65.34–82.68]
Others 24.00 [10.24–46.63] 39.39 [23.98–57.26] 65.00 [49.86–77.62]
Year in school
Form 1–3 32.37 [25.41–40.21] 0.169, p = 0.683 43.48 [36.66–50.55] 1.238, p = 0.272 71.61 [66.66–76.09] 8.759, p = 0.005
Form 4–6 34.78 [25.55–45.32] 49.69 [41.60–57. 80] 83.92 [78.56–88.14]
Average daily hours spent on DD
<2 h 40.00 [24.10–58.33] 1.784, p = 0.160 32.00 [15.87–54.00] 1.954, p = 0.1292 69.44 [52.58–82.33] 1.261, p = 0.291
2–4 h 18.18 [6.58–41.20] 38.46 [23.27–56.29] 67.57 [50.35–81.06]
4–6 h 30.43 [22.36–39.93] 47.26 [40.96–53.65] 78.60 [74.79–81.97]
>6 h 42.03 [29.84–55.28] 50.54 [39.39–61.63] 80.00 [70.48–87.01]
Behavioural factor: Posture
Lying down
No 30.36 [24.85–36.50] 8.426, p = 0.005 43.42[38.23–48.76] 11.113, p = 0.001 76.58 [73.24–79.62] 0.817, p = 0.371
Yes 56.67 [36.88–74.53] 68.29 [54.09–79.74] 81.82 [70.31–89.53]
Sitting
No 45.45 [32.83–58.69] 6.283, p = 0.016 54.35 [44.27–64.08] 3.162, p = 0.082 79.83 [73.15–85.19] 0.711, p = 0.403
Yes 29.26 [23.29–36.03] 43.48 [37.40–49.76] 76.27 [72.09–79.99]
Sitting & Lying down
No 33.78 [27.19–41.07] 8.426, p = 0.005 46.93 [41.36–52.57] 11.113, p = 0.001 76.61 [73.32–79.60] 0.817, p = 0.371
Yes 31.03 [16.90–49.90] 41.67 [27.78–57.02] 82.61 [70.18–90.56]
Prevention strategies
Wears glasses
No 33.92 [26.88–41.75] 0.053, p = 0.818 45.33 [39.32–51.48] 0.234, p = 0631 76.57 [72.78–79.98] 0.817, p = 0.370
Yes 32.53 [23.14–43.58] 48.33 [38.28–58.52] 78.52 [71.17–84.41]
Interventions
Treatment type
Spectacles 40.7 [30.94–51.25] 3.132, p = 0.052 52.94 [43.83–61.86] 7.648, p = 0.001 84.71 [79.34–88.88] 5.049, p = 0.009
Medications 43.48 [23.76–65.50] 72.97 [51.61–87.24] 77.55 [64.17–86.95]
None 27.59 [21.39–34.78] 37.04 [30.55–44.02] 72.05 [67.43–76.25]
Eye exam in the last year
No 28.99 [23.05–35.74] 9.078, p = 0.004 40.15[34.87–45.66] 21.518, p = 0.000 72.42 [69.35–75.3] 26.728, p < 0.001
Yes 53.19 [37. 15–68.60] 68.42 [57.22–77.83] 92.38 [86.44–95.85]
Took actions to resolve complaints
No 25.00 [19.24–31.81] 26.053, p < 0.001 39.66 [34.90–44.61] 14.41, p < 0.001 69.15 [65.09–72.94] 32.669, p < 0.001
Yes 52.56 [41.39–63.48] 60.18 [49.63–69.85] 94.29 [88.88–97.15]

Notes:

#

Any ocular symptom.

p–values are significant (sig.) from chi square test at 5%, F values are shown and the degree of freedom df = 42.