Table 2.
Characteristics of studies included in review.
| Study | Participants | Training Intervention | Testing Procedures | Outcomes | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paavolainen et al. [17] | 15 well-trained male (18–21 years) 7 IG/8 CG |
6 weeks. IG: 34–42% explosive and heavy STR and 58–66% endurance training. CG: 15% endurance strength and 85% endurance. |
|
Heights SJ and CMJ Maximal isometric strength TPF VO2max Thaer Than |
↑ ↔ ↓ ↔ ↔ ↔ |
| Hoff et al. [15] | 15 well-trained female (17–18 years) 8 IG/7 CG |
9 weeks. Additional training: IG: 2 h/w general STR + 7 h/w maximal STR CG: 13 h/w general STR General STR: >20 rep, <60% of 1 RM Maximal STR: 3 × 6 RM, 85% of 1 RM |
|
Cdp Relative workload Than 1 RM TTE TPF VO2max VO2peak |
↑ ↓ ↔ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↔ ↔ |
| Hoff et al. [13] | 19 well-trained male (15–23 years) 9 IG/10 IG |
8 weeks. Additional training: IG: 3 sessions per week, pull-down exercise, 3 × 6 85% of 1 RM CG: <85% of 1 RM |
|
1 RM PF at 2 submaximal loads TPF TTE Cdp Body weight VO2max VO2peak |
↑ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↔ ↔ ↔ |
| Østerås et al. [14] | 19 well-trained male (19–23 years) 10 IG/9 IG |
9 weeks. Additional training: IG: 3 times per week, pull-down exercise, 3 × 6 85% RM CG: <85% of 1 RM. |
|
Cdp Relative strength 1 RM TTE Peak power production Movement velocity VO2peak Than |
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↔ ↔ |
| Mikkola et al. [18] | 19 well-trained male (19–27 years) 8 IG/11 CG |
8 weeks. IG: 27% of total training volume was explosive-type STR. 6–10 exercises, 2–3 × 6–12 |
|
Maximal isometric force Vmax VO2max Maximum IEMG Aerobic capacity Steady-state oxygen |
↔ ↑ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↓ |
| Losnegard et al. [16] | 19 well-trained male and female (18–27 years) 9 IG/10 CG |
12 weeks. IG: 1–2 additional strength sessions. Half squat, seated pull-down, standing double-poling and triceps press. 3 × 3–10 RM |
|
1 RM CMJ CSA in m. triceps brachii Upper body LBM DP performance VO2max roller skiing VO2max running Rollerski time-trial test performance |
↑ ↔ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↔ ↔ |
| Skattebo et al. [23] | 16 well-trained female (16–18 years) 9 IG/7 CG |
10 weeks. IG: 2 additional strength workouts. 3 exercises: seated pull-down, standing DP and triceps press. 3 × 4 RM − 10 RM |
|
1 RM Performance Submaximal O2-cost VO2max VO2peak Upper arm circumference |
↑ ↔ ↔ ↓ ↔ ↑ |
| Carlsson et al. [19] | 33 well-trained male and female (16–19 years) 14 IG/19 CG |
6 weeks. IG: 2 additional sessions per week. 5 exercises (2 × 5 − 8 RM) + 3 core-stability exercises CG: 2 additional sessions of interval training on ski-ergometer |
|
1 RM MWR Gross efficiency TTE Vmax VO2peak |
↑ ↑ ↔ ↑ ↑ ↔ |
| Øfsteng et al. [24] | 21 well-trained male (19–34 years) 21 IG/8 CG |
8 weeks. IG: 3 additional strength sessions per week. 3 exercises: standing DP, seated pull down and triceps press.
|
|
1 RM TTE after prolonged DP TTE diff VO2peak Body mass EMG parameters SmO2rest Upper-body LBM |
↑ ↑ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↑ |
| Vahtra et al. [25] | 28 well-trained male and female (16–19 years) 8 IG1/10 IG2/10 CG |
10 weeks. IG1 and IG2: additional strength training (IG1 2 times/w and IG2 1–3 times/w). 5–6 exercises. 2–3 × 4–10 RM CG: 2 times/w, >15 rep |
|
Pmax in all groups Lean mass in IG2 Lean mass in IG1 and CG |
↑ ↔ ↑ |
IG: intervention group, CG: control group, STR: strength training, h: hours, /w: per week, SJ: squat jump, CMJ: countermovement jump, TPF: time to peak force, VO2max: maximal oxygen consumption, Thaer: aerobic threshold, Than: anaerobic threshold, ↑: statistically significant increase, ↔: no statistically significant change, ↓: statistically significant reduction, RM: repetition maximum, TTE: time to exhaustion, Cdp: double-poling economy, VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake, PF: peak force, <: less than, >: more than, DP: double-poling, IEMG: integrated electromyography, MAST: maximal anaerobic skiing test, CSA: cross-sectional area, m.: muscle, LBM: lean body mass, O2: oxygen, MWR: mechanical work rate, Vmax: maximal speed, SmO2rest: baseline saturation levels, Pmax: maximal aerobic performance test.