Table 3.

An overview of the included studies with the thematic of well-being (the results are shown in Supplementary File S2).

Author t Country	Subjects Number; Gender; Age (Mean ± SD, Years)	Questionnaire Task
Gayton, 2012 [47] Austria	219; 11% ♀, 89% ♂; age groups (mean 22–43)	CD-RISC, SFWL, GHQ-28
Heringshausen ∞, 2010 [46] Austria/Germany	545 EMS; 11% ♀, 89% ♂; 38.0 ± 9.6	WHO-5, SWLS, WFC
Sterud, 2008a [45] Norway	1180 EMS, 31,987 CG; 23% ♀, 77% ♂; 36.8 ± 9.3	HADS, Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire, SHC, Need for Recovery after Work Scale
Sterud, 2008b [44] Norway	1180 EMS; 23% ♀, 77% ♂; 36.8 ± 9.3	HADS, BCI, RSES, JSS, MBI-HSS, Paykel’s Suicidal Feelings in the General Population questionnaire, SHC

Notes. ^t First authors named alphabetically. ♀ = female ♂ = male. ^∞ Combination with stress and strain. PM = paramedic, at = ambulance technicians, EMS = Emergency medical services professionals (included different types of professional qualification), EMT = Emergency Medical Technicians, n.n. = nomen nominandum/unknown, EP = emergency physician, HEP = Hospital emergency personnel. WHO-5 = Well-Being Index, SWLS = Satisfaction With Life Scale, WFC = Privacy Conflict, CD-RISC = Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, SFWL = Satisfaction With Life Scale, GHQ-28 = General Health Questionnaire, HADS = The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, SHC = Subjective Health Complaint, BCI = Basic Character Inventory, RSES = Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, JSS = Job Satisfaction Scale, MBI = Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey, WFC = Scala Work-(Family) Privacy, Gayton and Lovell [47] determined the association between resilience and years of work experience, general health, and well-being. Key points of the study included that resilience increases work experience* and is dependent on age**. The study found a moderate correlation between resilience and general health or well-being**.