Harm of MW non-thermal effects in animal and human body.

No.	Study content	Specific harm caused by the nonthermal effects of MWs	Data that can support the reported harm	Ref.
1	Harm to animal cell	Influence the process of cell division and cell cycle.	The mitotic index of V79 cells exposed to the power density of 10 mW cm−2 (29.20 ± 6.02‰) differed significantly from the mitotic index of control cells (44.38 ± 8.69‰).	Ballardin et al.66
2	Harm to human health	(1) Increases the risk of brain cancer;	There is a significant increased risk for glioma and the meta-analysis yielded an odds ratio (OR) = 1.90[95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–2.76]. For ipsilateral mobile phone use the risk increased further to OR = 2.54 (95% CI = 1.83–3.52) in the meta-analysis based on 247 exposed cases and 202 controls.	Belpomme et al.65
		(2) has adverse effects on reproduction.
3		Influence heart muscle function.	Intraperitoneal injection of nonthermal MW–treated physiological solution (PS) not only had elevation effect on inracellular contents of cAMP (38%) and depression effect on cGMP contents in heart muscle (12%), but also had more pronounced effect on heart muscle hydration (4.7%) than the injection of Sham-treated PS.	Narinyan et al.68
4		Induce the HeLa cell to apoptosis.	The apoptotic effect induced by dielectric barrier discharge is 7%, whereas by 7 μmol L−1 nitric oxide-plasma activated water is 18% in 4 minutes.	Li et al.69
5		Cause mood disorders and increase anxiety.	The T3 went from 100.2 to 78.8, T4 went from 1.24 to 3.01 while TSH only had slight change in modulated MWs of 2450 MHz chronic exposure.	Sinha et al.67
6		Damage lens tissues and lens epithelial cells.	Exposure in 2450 MHz MWs for 8 h at a power density of 5 mW cm−2 resulted in obvious opacity in the lens cortex; exposure in 2.22 mW cm−2 MWs at 1.1 GHz caused a reversible decrease in lens optical quality and irreversible morphological and biochemical damage to the LEC layer.	Yu et al.64