Table 1.
Unweighted descriptive statistics by gender (UKHLS 2010–2020).
| Men | Women | T/Z Tests p-Values |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| GHQ-12 (M, SD) | 25.31 (5.30) | 24.15 (5.95) | <0.001 |
| Current economic activity(CEA)(%) | <0.001 | ||
| Employed | 85.75 | 74.88 | |
| Unemployed | 7.68 | 5.52 | |
| Family care | 0.93 | 13.70 | |
| Long-term sick | 4.64 | 4.83 | |
| Unpaid work | 1.01 | 1.07 | |
| Volunteer behavior(VB)(%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 83.53 | 81.92 | |
| Yes | 16.47 | 18.08 | |
| Volunteer frequency(VF)(%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 83.53 | 81.92 | |
| Less than once per month | 6.15 | 5.84 | |
| Once per month or more | 10.32 | 12.24 | |
| Age (M, SD) | 43.26 (13.19) | 42.52 (12.67) | <0.001 |
| Marital status(%) | <0.001 | ||
| Never married | 22.21 | 20.24 | |
| Married | 71.49 | 67.21 | |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 6.30 | 12.55 | |
| Have Children(%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 61.77 | 55.64 | |
| Yes | 38.23 | 44.36 | |
| Have Long-standing illness(%) | <0.001 | ||
| No | 72.15 | 69.65 | |
| Yes | 27.85 | 30.35 | |
| Subjective financial situation(%) | <0.001 | ||
| Living comfortably | 27.25 | 25.38 | |
| Doing alright | 38.02 | 37.93 | |
| Just about getting by | 24.55 | 25.43 | |
| Finding it quite difficult | 7.03 | 7.8 | |
| Finding it very difficult | 3.06 | 3.35 | |
| Missing value | 0.09 | 0.1 | |
| Logged household income (M, SD) | 7.55 (0.79) | 7.49 (0.73) | <0.001 |
| N (person-wave observations) | 56,611 | 70,794 |
Note. Proportions reported for categorical variables. Mean values reported for continuous variables. Standard deviations are in parentheses.