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(A) Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs used in medical research are mostly classified into exosomes and microvesicles. The fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane is followed by the invagination of the membrane to form MVBs to generate exosomes whereas microvesicles are produced by outward budding. The arrows represent EVs formation process. (B) Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of RBCEVs. Scale bar: 100 nm. Adapted from [11].
