Table 4.

The associations of the infection fatality ratio and different sorts of appliances that were applied in distance education by using the robust OLS regression.

	TA	TA	DA	DA	CA	CA
IFR	0.959	1.780 **	1.971 ***	0.102	1.400 **	1.311 *
	(0.705)	(0.762)	(0.565)	(0.563)	(0.547)	(0.635)
GDP	0.064 **	0.119 **	0.187 ***	0.020	0.130 ***	0.077 **
	(0.026)	(0.043)	(0.026)	(0.036)	(0.028)	(0.033)
Population	−0.103 ***	−0.197 ***	−0.220 ***	−0.052	−0.177 ***	−0.145 ***
	(0.031)	(0.047)	(0.040)	(0.031)	(0.032)	(0.030)
Edu	−0.016	−0.147	0.478 ***	0.058	0.163 *	−0.070
	(0.093)	(0.095)	(0.133)	(0.120)	(0.088)	(0.068)
Male	0.020	0.134	0.119	0.151 *	0.177	0.140 **
	(0.098)	(0.083)	(0.115)	(0.075)	(0.108)	(0.062)
Size	−0.002	−0.026 **	−0.038 **	−0.019 **	−0.028 *	−0.026 ***
	(0.011)	(0.010)	(0.016)	(0.007)	(0.016)	(0.007)
FDI		0.015		0.028		0.024
		(0.023)		(0.018)		(0.016)
Aging		−0.179 *		0.057		−0.108
		(0.095)		(0.048)		(0.069)
Time		0.001 **		0.000		0.001 **
		(0.001)		(0.000)		(0.000)
Constant	0.334	−223.141 **	−0.821	−59.197	0.090	−168.522 **
	(0.291)	(101.596)	(0.588)	(88.198)	(0.362)	(71.258)
Continent dummies	NO	YES	NO	YES	NO	YES
N	38	35	36	34	40	37
Adj. R2	0.361	0.449	0.826	0.963	0.715	0.894

Note: (1) Standard errors in parentheses; * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01; (2) “YES” means controlling continental geographical dummies, while “NO” means the geographical dummies are not included in.