TABLE 4.
Association of visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability with adverse neonatal outcomes in normotensive participants and patients with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia
| Variables | Quartile | Median (range) | Fetal distress | SGA | Preterm birth | 1‐min Apgar score≤7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In normotensive participants | ||||||
| DBP SD (mmHg) | Q1 | 4.02 (<4.69) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 | 5.26 (4.69–5.83) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 1.00 (.84–1.18) | .79 (.70–.90) | .90 (.71–1.15) | |
| Q3 | 6.48 (5.83–7.29) | 1.16 (1.09–1.24) | 1.06 (.90–1.25) | .79 (.70–.89) | 1.07 (.85–1.35) | |
| Q4 | 8.53 (≥7.29) | 1.21 (1.13–1.29) | 1.25 (1.06–1.47) | .81 (.71–.92) | 1.24 (.99–1.56) | |
| p for trend | <.001 | .003 | .003 | .019 | ||
| DBP CV (%) | Q1 | 5.70 (< 6.71) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 | 7.58 (6.71–8.45) | 1.06 (.99–1.14) | 1.05 (.89–1.24) | .83 (.73–.94) | .95 (.75–1.21) | |
| Q3 | 9.45 (8.45–10.72) | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) | 1.10 (.93–1.30) | .84 (.74–.95) | 1.06 (.84–1.35) | |
| Q4 | 12.74 (≥10.72) | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 1.25 (1.05–1.48) | .79 (.69–.90) | 1.33 (1.05–1.69) | |
| p for trend | <.001 | .008 | .002 | .006 | ||
| In patients with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia | ||||||
| DBP SD (mmHg) | Q1 | 4.46 (< 5.34) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 | 6.02 (5.34–6.77) | .80 (.63–1.01) | 1.09 (.70–1.71) | .97 (.66–1.43) | .95 (.47–1.92) | |
| Q3 | 7.53 (6.77–8.51) | .91 (.72–1.16) | 1.45 (.94–2.23) | 1.28 (.88–1.86) | 1.49 (.77–2.88) | |
| Q4 | 9.96 (≥8.51) | .87 (.68–1.11) | 2.05 (1.35–3.09) | 2.80 (1.99–3.94) | 2.13 (1.14–4.00) | |
| P for trend | .512 | <.001 | <.001 | .005 | ||
| DBP CV (%) | Q1 | 5.39 (< 6.52) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 | 7.47 (6.52–8.52) | .80 (.63–1.02) | 1.49 (.94–2.34) | 1.24 (.85–1.83) | 1.08 (.53–2.17) | |
| Q3 | 9.57 (8.52–10.91) | .79 (.62–1.02) | 2.04 (1.31–3.17) | 1.81 (1.25–2.62) | 1.79 (.93–3.44) | |
| Q4 | 12.92 (≥10.91) | .90 (.69–1.17) | 2.31 (1.46–3.66) | 3.25 (2.24–4.72) | 2.15 (1.09–4.26) | |
| P for trend | .582 | <.001 | <.001 | .011 | ||
Note: Adjusted for body mass index, age, gravidity, parity, cesarean, in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer, gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes, cephalic presentation, scarred uterus, anemia, mean SBP and mean DBP.
Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Q, quartile; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SGA: small for gestational age.