TABLE 3.

Association of the risk of CKD with PRA

Model	Covariates in model	Each SD increment in log‐PRA			High PRA (vs low PRA)
		HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
1	Age, SBP, Duration of HTN, HbA1c, GMD type, BUN, UA, K+, log‐PAC, Hypoglycemic therapy, Anti‐hypertensive agents	1.122	1.000‐1.259	.050	1.562	1.175‐2.078	.002
2	Model 1 + Sex, Ethnic, Drinking, TC, HDL‐C, baseline eGFR	1.135	1.010‐1.275	.033	1.604	1.203‐2.138	.001
3	Model 2 + smoking, DBP, TG, LDL‐C (Full‐adjusted)	1.144	1.017‐1.286	.025	1.619	1.213‐2.160	.001

Results were derived from Cox proportional‐hazards model. Model 1 included variables with P < .1 in univariate Cox analysis. Model 2 was a combination of univariate and LASSO regression. Model 3 adjusted for all factors. CKD, chronic kidney disease; PRA, plasma renin activity; HTN, hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; ACEI, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CCB, calcium channel blockers.