TABLE 5.

Association of the risk of decreased renal function with PRA

Model	Covariates in model	Each SD increment in log‐PRA			High PRA (vs low PRA)
		HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
1	Age, Ethnicity, SBP, Duration of HTN, HbA1c, GMD type, HDL‐C, smoking, BUN, UA, baseline eGFR, log‐PAC, Hypoglycemic therapy, Anti‐hypertensive agents	1.041	0.853‐1.269	.693	1.154	0.719‐1.853	.553
2	Model 1 + Sex, Drinking, K+	1.061	0.867‐1.297	.566	1.198	0.739‐1.943	.464
3	Model 2 + DBP, TC, TG, LDL‐C (Full‐adjusted)	1.046	0.850‐1.287	.670	1.150	0.704‐1.879	.576

Results were derived from Cox proportional‐hazards model. Model 1 included variables with P < .1 in univariate Cox analysis. Model 2 was a combination of univariate and LASSO regression. Model 3 adjusted for all factors. SD, standard deviation; PRA, plasma renin activity; HTN, hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PAC, plasma aldosterone concentration; ACEI, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; CCB, calcium channel blockers.