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. 2022 May 24;11(11):1533. doi: 10.3390/foods11111533

Table 1.

Chemical composition (expressed as dry weight, dw) of cañihua, kiwicha, and quinoa flours from wholegrains and sprouted grains.

Parameters WF CF SCF KF SKF QF SQF
Starch (g/100 g dw) 75.07 ± 0.97 f 46.66 ± 0.45 d 41.21 ± 1.47 c 48.33 ± 0.93 d 32.45 ± 0.85 b 40.98 ± 0.88 c 16.97± 0.85 a
Protein (g/100 g dw) 12.26 ± 0.06 a 20.61 ± 0.26 g 19.11 ± 0.27 f 16.05 ± 0.14 d 15.38 ± 0.11 c 16.87 ± 0.13 e 13.52 ± 0.26 b
Fat (g/100 g dw) 0.61 ± 0.04 a 6.18 ± 0.04 d 6.23 ± 0.25 d 5.10 ± 0.08 b 5.86 ± 0.38 cd 5.21 ± 0.07 bc 6.55 ± 0.11 e
Ash (g/100 g dw) 0.55 ± 0.05 a 2.76 ± 0.13 c 2.68 ± 0.05 c 2.66 ± 0.19 bc 2.85 ± 0.08 c 2.48 ± 0.17 bc 2.29 ± 0.08 b
PA (g/100 g dw) 0.09 ± 0.01 a 1.17 ± 0.02 b 0.88 ± 0.01 b 1.23 ± 0.02 c 1.24 ± 0.02 c 0.90 ± 0.02 b 0.93 ± 0.02 b
GABA (mg/100 g dw) 12.96 ± 0.35 a 24.34 ± 4.83 b 217.98 ± 1.48 d 37.38 ± 1.58 b 100.00 ± 22.45 c 32.98 ± 4.42 b 202.54 ± 32.05 d
TSPC (mg GAE/100 g) 44.27 ± 2.43 a 314.39 ± 22.38 d 386.12 ± 27.83 e 149.27 ± 1.80 b 244.72 ± 2.09 c 525.5 ± 38.14 f 612.81 ± 13.25 g
ORAC (μmol TE/g) 20.64 ± 2.71 b 48.74 ± 5.98 b 114.92 ± 14.17 c 10.23 ± 2.16 a 35.44 ± 4.55 d 46.62 ± 3.53 b 45.30 ± 3.96 d

Data are mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. Different letters denote statistical differences among samples (ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, p ≤ 0.05). Abbreviations: CF, cañihua flour; dw, dry weight; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; KF, kiwicha flour; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; PA, phytic acid; QF, quinoa flour; SCF: sprouted cañihua flour; SKF, sprouted kiwicha flour; SQF, sprouted quinoa flour; TSPC, total soluble phenolic compounds; TE: Trolox equivalents; WF: refined wheat flour.