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. 2021 Oct 23;105(7):2256–2263. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.10.022

Table 3.

Post-course scores of student attitudes and beliefs about the impact of IM on patient health (Scores range from 1, "to a very small extent"; to 7, "to a very large extent").

Student attitude/belief All respondents With past IM experience With no IM experience P value
n 138 49 79
1. The extent to which IM can improve patient health 3.75 ± 0.86 3.82 ± 0.99 3.66 ± 0.77 0.338
2. The extent to which IM can cause harm to patients 3.11 ± 0.94 3.10 ± 0.96 3.06 ± 0.94 0.818
3. The number of published IM-related clinical trials 2.41 ± 0.79 2.41 ± 0.76 2.42 ± 0.78 0.940
4. Do proven IM benefits reflect specific effects* * 3.27 ± 0.88 3.27 ± 0.88 3.08 ± 0.84 0.229

* IM, integrative medicine.

** Specific effects: i.e., inducing physiological e., inducing physiological effects, as opposed to non-specific effects.