Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2022 Apr 4;208(8):1857–1872. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101123

Figure 8. Cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to SARS-CoV-2 particles or whole-blood TruCulture® system containing S protein in pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Figure 8.

(A) Peripheral blood samples were collected from non-pregnant (n = 20, indicated in blue) and pregnant (n = 20, indicated in red) women to isolate PBMCs for in vitro stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 particles. Cytokine concentrations were then determined in culture supernatants. (B) Log10-transformed concentrations of IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF, TRAIL, I-TAC, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, and IL-33 in culture supernatants of PBMCs from non-pregnant (blue symbols) and pregnant (red symbols) women in response to SARS-CoV-2 particles (circles) or control medium (triangles). (C) Peripheral blood collected from non-pregnant (n = 14) and pregnant (n = 12) women was added to a whole-blood culture system (TruCulture®) containing SARS-CoV-2 S protein. After culture, supernatants were collected for cytokine determination. (D) Log10-transformed concentrations of IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF, TRAIL, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17F, IL-27, IL-29/IFN-λ1, and IL-33 in whole blood culture supernatants from pregnant (red symbols) and non-pregnant (blue symbols) women in response to S protein (circles) or control (triangles). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (+) Stimulated, (−) Control.