Table 2.

Census tract neighborhood factors and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among 5991 patients at the end of pregnancy in the pre-vaccination era.

Neighborhood factor at the census tract level	Seronegative (n = 5429)	Seropositive (n = 562)	Associations of one standard deviation increase in the neighborhood factor with seropositivity
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted§ OR (95% CI)
Deprivation*	0.40 (0.17)	0.49 (0.13)	1.84 (1.63, 2.06)	1.16 (1.02, 1.32)
Segregation†	0.05 (0.70)	−0.31 (0.60)	0.56 (0.49, 0.63)	0.90 (0.78, 1.04)
Crowding‡	2.11 (2.36)	2.98 (2.79)	1.38 (1.24, 1.55)	1.15 (1.05, 1.26)

^*Neighborhood deprivation index includes six indicators and ranges from 0 to 1 with 1 indicating more deprivation.

^†Index of the concentration of extremes (ICE), range −1 to 1 with higher values indicate higher proportion White residents.

^‡Crowding defined as the proportion of residences with more humans than rooms in the house.

^§Multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, insurance, limited English proficiency, and race/ethnicity with a random effect for census tract. A missing indicator was used for the 65 patients missing body mass index.