Table 3.
Trends of the prevalence of health risk behaviors and health conditions by sex (survey waves 2008, 2011, 2015, and 2018).
| Sex | 2008 | 2011 | 2015 | 2018 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lie/Bet | Males | 16.4 (14.8–18.2) | 15.9 (14.5–17.6) | 11.3 (10.1–12.6) | 10.7 (9.7–11.8) | <0.0001 |
| Females | 4.4 (3.6–5.3) | 3.1 (2.4–4.0) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | 2.6 (2.0–3.4) | <0.0001 | |
| Smoke | ||||||
| Regular smokers | Males | 21.3 (19.3–23.6) | 19.2 (17.6–20.9) | 19.6 (18.0–21.2) | 17.4 (16.1–18.8) | 0.01 |
| Occasional smokers | 11.6 (10.2–13.2) | 12.9 (11.5–14.4) | 14.1 (12.8–15.6) | 12.7 (11.5–13.9) | ||
| Nonsmokers | 67.1 (64.6–69.4) | 67.9 (65.9–69.9) | 66.3 (64.4–68.2) | 69.9 (68.2–71.5) | ||
| Regular smokers | Females | 22.6 (21.0–24.2) | 23.3 (21.4–25.2) | 21.5 (19.8–23.3) | 21.2 (19.6–22.8) | 0.17 |
| Occasional smokers | 16.4 (14.9–18.0) | 14.9 (13.3–16.6) | 17.7 (16.1–19.5) | 17.2 (15.8–18.8) | ||
| Nonsmokers | 61 (59.1–63.0) | 61.8 (59.7–64.1) | 60.8 (58.6–62.9) | 61.6 (59.7–63.5) | ||
| Binge drinking at least once in the last month | Males | 38 (35.6–40.5) | 37 (34.9–39.2) | 35.5 (33.5–37.5) | 35.5 (33.8–37.3) | 0.26 |
| Females | 26.2 (24.4–28.0) | 27.4 (25.4–29.5) | 27.7 (25.8–29.8) | 31.1 (29.2–33.0) | 0.0037 | |
| Being drunk at least once in the last 12 months | Males | 47.5 (45.0–50.0) | 49.5 (47.3–51.7) | 49.3 (47.2–51.4) | 47.2 (45.3–49.1) | 0.33 |
| Females | 45.9 (43.9–48.0) | 45.9 (43.6–48.3) | 45 (42.7–47.3) | 49.3 (47.2–51.3) | 0.04 | |
| Being bullied in the last 12 months | Males | 19.9 (17.8–22.1) | 17.3 (15.7–19.0) | 18.5 (16.9–20.1) | 18.3 (16.9–19.8) | 0.24 |
| Females | 21.5 (19.8–23.2) | 22.1 (20.2–24.0) | 21.8 (20.0–23.7) | 28 (26.3–29.9) | <0.0001 | |
| Being a bully in the last 12 months | Males | 25.4 (23.2–27.8) | 25.3 (23.5–27.3) | 22.4 (20.7–24.2) | 14.5 (13.3–15.9) | <0.0001 |
| Females | 11.5 (10.3–12.9) | 12.5 (11.1–14.1) | 11.5 (10.2–13.0) | 9.1 (8.0–10.4) | <0.01 | |
| BMI categories | ||||||
| Obese | Males | 3.5 (2.2–5.6) | 3.1 (2.4–3.9) | 3.3 (2.7–4.2) | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | 0.11 |
| Overweight | 16.3 (14.3–18.6) | 14.8 (13.3–16.3) | 16.4 (5.0–18.0) | 16.2 (14.8–17.6) | ||
| Underweight | 2.8 (2.0–3.8) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 3 (2.4–3.8) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | ||
| Obese | Females | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 3 (2.3–3.9) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | <0.01 |
| Overweight | 8.8 (7.8–9.9) | 10.2 (8.9–11.8) | 8.5 (7.3–9.9) | 9.1 (8.0–10.2) | ||
| Underweight | 3.5 (2.8–4.4) | 3.1 (2.3–4.2) | 4.2 (3.4–5.2) | 4 (3.3–4.9) | ||
| High distress level | Males | 11.6 (10.2–13.2) | 9.4 (8.2–10.7) | 11.9 (10.7–13.2) | 11.5 (10.4–12.7) | 0.03 |
| Females | 25.9 (24.2–27.7) | 23.8 (21.9–25.7) | 30.7 (28.7–32.7) | 32.7 (30.8–34.6) | <0.0001 | |
| Early sex (before 14 years old) | Males | 4.4 (3.6–5.5) | 4 (3.2–4.9) | 4.3 (3.5–5.2) | 3.3 (2.7–4.0) | 0.25 |
| Females | 2.8 (2.2–3.6) | 2.1 (1.5–2.8) | 2.3 (1.7–3.0) | 2.7 (2.1–3.4) | 0.41 | |
| No condom use during the last sexual intercourse | Males | 24.9 (21.9–28.1) | 30.8 (27.6–34.1) | 36.4 (33.4–39.5) | 36.4 (33.6–39.3) | <0.0001 |
| Females | 39.8 (36.8–42.8) | 43.6 (40.3–47.0) | 46.6 (43.2–50.1) | 47.2 (44.0–50.5) | <0.01 | |
| Use of cannabis in the last month | Males | 27.8 (25.8–29.9) | 25.2 (23.4–27.2) | 32.6 (30.8–34.5) | 29 (27.3–30.6) | <0.0001 |
| Females | 22.6 (21.0–24.3) | 17.6 (16.0–19.3) | 23.4 (21.6–25.3) | 25 (23.3–26.8) | <0.0001 | |
| Use of cocaine in the last month | Males | 3.6 (2.9–4.4) | 3.4 (2.7–4.3) | 2.6 (2.1–3.3) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | <0.0001 |
| Females | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 0.01 | |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| At least once a week | Males | 80 (78.0–81.7) | 80.7 (79.0–82.3) | 81.7 (80.1–83.2) | 78.6 (77.0–80.1) | 0.06 |
| Less than once a week/hardly ever/never | 20 (18.3–22.0) | 19.3 (17.7–21.0) | 18.3 (16.8–19.9) | 21.4 (19.9–23.0) | ||
| At least once a week | Females | 64.3 (62.3–66.2) | 66.8 (64.7–68.9) | 68.1 (66.0–70.1) | 68.6 (66.7–70.4) | 0.01 |
| Less than once a week/hardly ever/never | 35.7 (33.8–37.7) | 33.2 (31.1–35.3) | 31.9 (29.9–34.0) | 31.4 (29.6–33.3) | ||
| Eating vegetables | ||||||
| At least once a day | Males | 39.4 (36.9–42.0) | 37.2 (35.1–39.4) | 34.4 (32.5–36.4) | 39.1 (37.3–41.0) | <0.0001 |
| Hardly ever/never | 18.3 (16.6–20.2) | 24.5 (22.7–26.4) | 18 (16.5–19.7) | 17.2 (15.8–18.6) | ||
| At least once a day | Females | 51.9 (49.8–53.9) | 49.5 (47.2–51.8) | 47.7 (45.4–49.9) | 48.4 (46.4–50.4) | <0.01 |
| Hardly ever/never | 11.7 (10.4–13.1) | 15 (13.4–16.8) | 12.6 (11.2–14.2) | 12.3 (11.0–13.7) | ||
| Eating fruits | ||||||
| At least once a day | Males | 53.1 (50.6–55.6) | 56.3 (54.1–58.5) | 42.9 (40.9–44.9) | 46 (44.2–47.9) | <0.0001 |
| Hardly Ever/never | 15.9 (14.3–17.7) | 15.3 (13.8–16.9) | 14.3 (12.9–15.8) | 13.8 (12.5–15.1) | ||
| At least once a day | Females | 61.1 (59.1–63.0) | 61.6 (59.4–63.9) | 51.7 (49.5–54.0) | 50.7 (48.7–52.7) | <0.0001 |
| Hardly ever/never | 14.1 (12.8–15.6) | 14.1 (12.6–15.7) | 12.5 (11.1–14.0) | 15 (13.6–16.5) | ||
| Driving under the influence of alcohol (last 12 months) | Males | 28 (25.9–30.2) | 23.8 (21.8–25.9) | 14.6 (13.3–16.1) | 8 (7.1–9.0) | <0.0001 |
| Females | 11.1 (9.7–12.6) | 9.6 (8.2–11.2) | 5.2 (4.4–6.2) | 2.9 (2.3–3.7) | <0.0001 | |
| Driving under the influence of drugs (last 12 months) | Males | 14.8 (13.3–16.5) | 12.2 (10.7–13.8) | 12.1 (10.8–13.5) | 7.4 (6.5–8.4) | <0.0001 |
| Females | 7.2 (6.1–8.5) | 5.7 (4.6–7.0) | 3.4 (2.7–4.2) | 2.6 (2.1–3.3) | <0.0001 |