TABLE 1. Differences in COVID-19 vaccination (≥1 dose) coverage,* by race and ethnicity^† and selected geographic and sociodemographic characteristics — National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, April 2021 and November 2021.

Characteristic	Coverage (95% CI)	Coverage difference (95% CI)
	White, non-Hispanic (ref) n = 329,135	Black, non-Hispanic n = 61,848	Hispanic n = 67,925	AI/AN n = 6,224	Asian n = 26,468	NH/OPI n = 5,149	Multiple or other race n = 19,441
April 2021
Overall	59.0 (58.6 to 59.3)	−12.7 (−13.6 to −11.8)§	−11.7 (−12.5 to −10.9)§	−20.3 (−22.9 to −17.7)§	10.6 (9.3 to 11.9)¶	−13.1 (−17.4 to −8.8)§	−16.4 (−18.0 to −14.8)§
U.S. Census Bureau region
Northeast	69.0 (68.3 to 69.7)	−21.2 (−23.1 to −19.3)§	−22.8 (−24.6 to −21.0)§	−31.3 (−38.6 to −24.1)§	−1.4 (−3.6 to 0.8)	−16.8 (−28.1 to −5.6)§	−18.3 (−21.6 to −15.0)§
Midwest	55.9 (55.1 to 56.7)	−13.1 (−15.4 to −10.8)§	−14.5 (−16.7 to −12.3)§	−22.6 (−28.5 to −16.7)§	10.0 (6.7 to 13.4)¶	−30.5 (−39.4 to −21.6)§	−20.2 (−23.8 to −16.7)§
South	53.7 (53.1 to 54.3)	−7.2 (−8.4 to −6.1)§	−8.6 (−10.0 to −7.2)§	−21.4 (−25.0 to −17.8)§	12.8 (10.3 to 15.2)¶	−18.0 (−27.5 to −8.5)§	−18.9 (−21.1 to −16.6)§
West	63.0 (62.2 to 63.8)	−13.3 (−16.4 to −10.2)§	−13.9 (−15.5 to −12.3)§	−16.3 (−21.1 to −11.6)§	9.6 (7.5 to 11.8)¶	−13.3 (−19.2 to −7.5)§	−12.8 (−16.0 to −9.7)§
Urbanicity**
MSA, principal city	63.4 (62.7 to 64.1)	−19.9 (−21.3 to −18.5)§	−15.9 (−17.2 to −14.5)§	−27.8 (−32.7 to −22.9)§	5.3 (3.4 to 7.2)¶	−14.2 (−21.5 to −7.0)§	−19.3 (−22.0 to −16.6)§
MSA, nonprincipal city	60.1 (59.6 to 60.5)	−11.4 (−12.6 to −10.1)§	−12.3 (−13.4 to −11.1)§	−22.3 (−26.4 to −18.2)§	11.1 (9.3 to 12.9)¶	−16.3 (−22.4 to −10.1)§	−16.3 (−18.5 to −14.0)§
Non-MSA	49.1 (48.2 to 49.9)	−2.7 (−5.4 to 0.1)	−7.1 (−9.7 to −4.4)§	−5.6 (−10.0 to −1.2)§	6.3 (−1.1 to 13.7)	−4.0 (−14.6 to 6.5)	−14.5 (−18.1 to −10.8)§
Age group, yrs
18–29	35.9 (35.1 to 36.7)	−13.8 (−15.4 to −12.2)§	−2.6 (−4.1 to −1.2)§	−13.8 (−18.6 to −9.0)§	24.1 (21.7 to 26.5)¶	−14.9 (−20.8 to −8.9)§	−3.0 (−5.7 to −0.3)§
30–49	48.5 (47.9 to 49.1)	−12.7 (−14.0 to −11.3)§	−3.8 (−5.1 to −2.5)§	−13.9 (−18.0 to −9.9)§	21.9 (20.0 to 23.8)¶	−3.3 (−9.7 to 3.0)	−11.5 (−14.0 to −9.0)§
50–64	63.1 (62.5 to 63.8)	−6.6 (−8.2 to −4.9)§	−3.3 (−5.1 to −1.5)§	−20.0 (−24.9 to −15.1)§	14.5 (11.6 to 17.4)¶	−9.6 (−18.7 to −0.4)§	−16.6 (−20.0 to −13.2)§
≥65	82.8 (82.3 to 83.4)	−8.5 (−10.3 to −6.7)§	−7.4 (−9.5 to −5.4)§	−21.9 (−29.9 to −13.9)§	2.7 (−0.5 to 5.9)	0.2 (−8.0 to 8.4)	−12.9 (−16.4 to −9.4)§
Annual household income
Below poverty	36.5 (35.3 to 37.7)	−2.5 (−4.8 to −0.2)§	3.4 (1.3 to 5.4)¶	−3.5 (−9.5 to 2.4)	21.6 (17.2 to 26.0)¶	−9.2 (−18.3 to 0.1)	−11.6 (−15.2 to −8.1)§
Above poverty, <$75,000	54.6 (54.0 to 55.3)	−10.1 (−11.6 to −8.7)§	−8.1 (−9.5 to −6.7)§	−16.5 (−20.5 to −12.4)§	10.9 (8.3 to 13.6)¶	−7.8 (−15.4 to −0.2)§	−14.4 (−17.0 to −11.8)§
Above poverty, ≥$75,000	67.6 (67.1 to 68.2)	−9.5 (−11.3 to −7.8)§	−9.8 (−11.5 to −8.2)§	−19.5 (−24.9 to −14.1)§	9.1 (7.3 to 10.8)¶	−14.6 (−22.4 to −6.8)§	−12.6 (−15.6 to −9.7)§
Unknown	58.6 (57.8 to 59.4)	−13.1 (−14.9 to −11.4)§	−14.8 (−16.5 to −13.1)§	−21.7 (−27.3 to −16.1)§	6.9 (4.2 to 9.7)¶	−13.1 (−22.5 to −3.7)§	−16.5 (−19.9 to −13.1)§
Health insurance
Insured	61.6 (61.2 to 61.9)	−12.2 (−13.1 to −11.2)§	−9.6 (−10.5 to −8.6)§	−20.6 (−23.4 to −17.7)§	10.0 (8.7 to 11.3)¶	−11.3 (−16.0 to −6.6)§	−15.7 (−17.4 to −14.0)§
Not insured	28.0 (26.9 to 29.2)	−4.3 (−6.5 to −2.0)§	3.0 (1.1 to 4.9)¶	−6.4 (−12.3 to −0.5)§	23.5 (18.6 to 28.3)¶	−7.4 (−15.4 to 0.5)	−8.2 (−11.9 to −4.5)§
November 2021
Overall	78.7 (78.2 to 79.1)	−0.5 (−1.8 to 0.8)	2.6 (1.5 to 3.7)¶	−16.9 (−20.8 to −13.0)§	16.5 (15.4 to 17.6)¶	−3.0 (−8.5 to 2.5)	−10.7 (−13.0 to −8.4)§
U.S. Census Bureau region
Northeast	88.0 (87.2 to 88.8)	−2.4 (−4.9 to 0.1)	−2.0 (−4.2 to 0.2)	−12.6 (−24.3 to −0.9)§	8.2 (6.6 to 9.8)¶	1.7 (−6.9 to 10.3)	−5.9 (−10.6 to −1.3)§
Midwest	74.0 (73.0 to 74.9)	−5.4 (−8.6 to −2.2)§	−3.7 (−6.6 to −0.7)§	−24.4 (−33.0 to −15.8)§	16.9 (12.8 to 21.1)¶	−24.3 (−43.3 to −5.3)§	−19.5 (−24.2 to −14.9)§
South	74.1 (73.4 to 74.9)	4.6 (2.9 to 6.4)¶	4.4 (2.4 to 6.4)¶	−20.8 (−26.5 to −15.0)§	20.1 (17.9 to 22.3)¶	−19.0 (−31.5 to −6.5)§	−13.9 (−18.2 to −9.5)§
West	84.3 (83.4 to 85.2)	−3.8 (−8.1 to 0.6)	−1.3 (−3.3 to 0.7)	−12.1 (−19.0 to −5.2)§	11.8 (10.0 to 13.6)¶	−3.0 (−9.7 to 3.7)	−8.4 (−12.4 to −4.4)§
Urbanicity**
MSA, principal city	83.2 (82.4 to 84.0)	−6.6 (−8.5 to −4.6)§	−0.8 (−2.6 to 1.0)	−21.6 (−28.7 to −14.4)§	12.5 (10.9 to 14.1)¶	−4.0 (−11.1 to 3.1)	−10.9 (−14.6 to −7.2)§
MSA, nonprincipal city	79.5 (78.9 to 80.1)	−0.2 (−1.9 to 1.6)	2.1 (0.6 to 3.6)¶	−23.1 (−28.9 to −17.3)§	15.7 (14.1 to 17.3)¶	−5.1 (−13.3 to 3.2)	−9.5 (−13.1 to −5.9)§
Non-MSA	69.4 (68.2 to 70.5)	10.3 (5.1 to 15.5)¶	2.3 (−1.5 to 6.2)	0.1 (−6.6 to 6.9)	19.2 (10.7 to 27.7)¶	0.4 (−15.0 to 15.8)	−18.7 (−23.4 to −14.0)§
Age group, yrs
18–29	62.5 (61.3 to 63.8)	−4.2 (−7.6 to −0.7)§	9.0 (6.6 to 11.5)¶	−17.3 (−25.5 to −9.1)§	30.2 (27.7 to 32.8)¶	−14.1 (−25.4 to −2.8)§	−0.4 (−5.1 to 4.4)
30–49	71.2 (70.3 to 72.1)	1.1 (−1.4 to 3.6)	9.0 (7.1 to 10.8)¶	−15.7 (−21.5 to −10.0)§	24.3 (22.5 to 26.1)¶	3.0 (−4.8 to 10.7)	−8.9 (−12.7 to −5.2)§
50–64	83.0 (82.2 to 83.8)	5.6 (3.6 to 7.6)¶	7.6 (5.8 to 9.4)¶	−14.7 (−22.4 to −7.1)§	15.1 (13.9 to 16.3)¶	10.4 (5.4 to 15.4)¶	−12.1 (−16.5 to −7.8)§
≥65	94.1 (93.6 to 94.6)	−1.2 (−2.8 to 0.4)	1.2 (−0.2 to 2.5)	−8.4 (−18.9 to 2.2)	3.5 (1.6 to 5.4)¶	5.5 (4.6 to 6.4)¶	−2.9 (−8.2 to 2.5)
Annual household income
Below poverty	64.8 (62.8 to 66.8)	4.8 (1.1 to 8.5)¶	15.2 (12.1 to 18.3)¶	−2.6 (−12.0 to 6.8)	29.8 (26.3 to 33.3)¶	−2.5 (−18.5 to 13.6)	−8.9 (−15.7 to −2.2)§
Above poverty, <$75,000	76.4 (75.6 to 77.2)	1.3 (−0.9 to 3.5)	4.6 (2.7 to 6.5)¶	−14.3 (−20.6 to −7.9)§	17.9 (15.7 to 20.0)¶	2.5 (−7.4 to 12.4)	−10.7 (−14.7 to −6.8)§
Above poverty, ≥$75,000	84.3 (83.7 to 84.9)	0.6 (−1.5 to 2.7)	−0.1 (−2.0 to 1.8)	−14.2 (−20.7 to −7.8)§	13.3 (12.2 to 14.5)¶	−2.5 (−10.1 to 5.1)	−8.3 (−12.0 to −4.7)§
Unknown	77.4 (76.4 to 78.3)	0.5 (−2.2 to 3.2)	2.2 (−0.2 to 4.7)	−21.4 (−29.5 to −13.2)§	15.1 (12.2 to 18.0)¶	−7.1 (−18.0 to 3.8)	−8.2 (−13.6 to −2.8)§
Health insurance
Insured	80.7 (80.3 to 81.2)	0.0 (−1.4 to 1.3)	2.9 (1.8 to 4.1)¶	−16.2 (−20.5 to −12.0)§	15.2 (14.1 to 16.3)¶	−3.7 (−9.0 to 1.6)	−8.8 (−11.3 to −6.4)§
Not insured	53.9 (51.9 to 55.9)	4.7 (0.3 to 9.1)¶	19.3 (15.9 to 22.6)¶	−11.5 (−21.2 to −1.7)§	33.3 (27.4 to 39.2)¶	19.5 (0.5 to 38.5)¶	−13.8 (−20.1 to −7.6)§

Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; MSA = metropolitan statistical area; NH/OPI = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; Ref = referent group.

* Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate vaccination coverage based on the month and year of first dose receipt; estimates reflect the cumulative percentage vaccinated as of the end of each month.

^† Persons were categorized into mutually exclusive categories of race and ethnicity; persons who did not identify as Hispanic were categorized by their reported race or races.

^§ Coverage is statistically significantly lower than coverage among White, non-Hispanic adults (p<0.05).

^¶ Coverage is statistically significantly higher than coverage among White, non-Hispanic adults (p<0.05).

** MSA status was determined based on household reported city and county of residence and was grouped into three categories: MSA principal city (urban), MSA nonprincipal city (suburban), and non-MSA (rural). MSAs and principal cities were as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html). Non-MSA areas include urban populations not located within an MSA as well as completely rural areas.