| HR | Homologous recombination |
| NHR | Non-homologous recombination |
| HGT | Horizontal gene transfer |
| LGT | Lateral gene transfer |
| SSAPs | Single-strand annealing proteins |
| SSA | Single-strand annealing |
| ARGs | Ancestral recombination graphs |
| MLST | Multilocus sequence typing |
| CGP | Coarse-graining approach for phylogenetic reconstruction |
| CRM | Constant relative mutability |
| SI | Synteny index |
| PRRSV | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus |
| GPSCs | Global pneumococcal sequence clusters |
| SNPs | Single nucleotide polymorphisms |
| HMM | Hidden Markov model |
| TDA | Topological data analysis |
| MCMC | Markov chain Monte Carlo |
| tARG | Topological ARG |
| OGFs | Orthologous gene families |