Table 3.
Cases per Million People in District.
| All Days |
Days 29–42 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Panel A: Bangladesh (April 6–May 20) | ||||||
| International Migrants | 4.492 | −4.122 | 5.621∗ | −4.319 | 9.734 | −6.082 |
| per 100 People (z-score) | (2.777) | (2.968) | (3.285) | (3.238) | (5.548) | (5.794) |
| Domestic Migrants | −5.276 | 0.629 | −9.019 | 0.126 | ||
| per 100 People (z-score) | (4.508) | (2.147) | (7.344) | (3.578) | ||
| 0.133 | 0.569 | 0.148 | 0.569 | 0.060 | 0.719 | |
| Dependent Variable Mean | 19.17 | 19.17 | 19.17 | 19.17 | 32.14 | 32.14 |
| Observations | 2,835 | 2,835 | 2,835 | 2,835 | 882 | 882 |
| Panel B: India (March 15–April 28) | ||||||
| International Migrants | 1.592∗∗∗ | 1.253∗∗∗ | 1.604∗∗∗ | 1.235∗∗∗ | 2.264∗∗∗ | 1.565∗∗ |
| per 100 People (z-score) | (0.452) | (0.460) | (0.450) | (0.458) | (0.627) | (0.662) |
| Domestic Migrants | −0.100 | 0.119 | −0.239 | 0.138 | ||
| per 100 People (z-score) | (0.198) | (0.212) | (0.405) | (0.426) | ||
| 0.138 | 0.188 | 0.138 | 0.188 | 0.059 | 0.167 | |
| Dependent Variable Mean | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 5.11 | 5.11 |
| Observations | 26,145 | 26,145 | 26,145 | 26,145 | 8,134 | 8,134 |
| Panel C: Pakistan (March 16–April 27) | ||||||
| International Migrants | 6.657∗∗∗ | 6.023∗∗∗ | 6.816∗∗∗ | 5.659∗∗ | 14.584∗∗∗ | 11.678∗∗ |
| per 100 People (z-score) | (1.800) | (2.174) | (1.838) | (2.130) | (3.299) | (3.972) |
| Domestic Migrants | −0.616 | −2.744∗∗ | −0.673 | −4.653∗∗ | ||
| per 100 People (z-score) | (0.915) | (1.255) | (1.698) | (2.120) | ||
| 0.280 | 0.323 | 0.281 | 0.333 | 0.301 | 0.390 | |
| Dependent Variable Mean | 11.81 | 11.81 | 11.81 | 11.81 | 22.00 | 22.00 |
| Observations | 4,773 | 4,773 | 4,773 | 4,773 | 1,554 | 1,554 |
| Controls | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Day Fixed Effects | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Notes: State/Provincial/Country capitals are omitted. The sample for columns (1)–(4) includes all days for which data are available since the 100th COVID-19 case was reported in each country. The sample for columns (5)–(6) includes days 29–42 since the 100th COVID-19 case was reported in each country. All regressions include day fixed effects, while columns (2), (4), and (6) additionally include the following district-level controls: population, population density, the fraction of urban population, the fraction of population below the poverty line, and a measure of health access (Bangladesh: number of hospital beds per capita, India: number of primary health centers per capita, Pakistan: percentage of population which has access to a health clinic or hospital within 15 min of their dwelling). Standard errors in parentheses and double-clustered by day and district. ∗, ∗∗, ∗∗∗.