Table 1.

Effects of stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-Exos) on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) models.

Factor	Study Model	Cell Source	Target	Effect	Reference
miR-182-5p, miR-23a-3p	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS	Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)	Ikbkb, USP5	Immunomodulation and tissue recovery via IKKβ/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/hedgehog suppression	[35]
miR-377-3p	LPS-induced ARDS	Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs)	Regulatory associated protein of mammalian target of mTOR (RPTOR)	Injury recovery by RPTOR suppression and inducing autophagy	[36]
miR-22-3p	LPS-induced ARDS	Umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (UCBMSCs)	Frizzled class receptor 6 (FZD6)/Wnt	Immunomodulation via decreasing FZD6 expression, leading to NF-κB suppression	[37]
miR-150	LPS-induced ARDS	Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs)	MAPK	Immunomodulation via suppression of MAPK-associated proteins and cleaved caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) promotion	[38]
miR-30b-3p	LPS-induced ARDS	MSCs	SAA3	Immunomodulation via suppression of serum amyloid A-3 (SAA3)	[39]
miR-425	HYRX-induced ARDS	BMSCs	PTEN	PI3K/AKT upregulation via suppressing PTEN	[40]
miR-126	Histone-induced ARDS	Adipose-derived MSCs (AMSCs)	PI3K/AKT	PI3K/AKT upregulation	[41]
Unknown	IIR-induced ARDS	BMSCs	TLR4/NF-κB	Immunomodulation via downregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway	[42]
miR-384-5p	LPS-induced ARDS	BMSCs	Beclin-1	Immunomodulation via inducing autophagy in disordered macrophages	[43]
miR-451	Burn-induced ARDS	UCMSCs	TLR4/NF-κB	Immunomodulation via TLR4 and NF-κB downregulation	[31]