Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study/Year	Study Design	Sample Size	Risk Factors Identified
Sohail 2007 [8]	Retrospective	387	Staphyloccocus aureus, surgery *
Baman 2009 [23]	Retrospective	210	Diabetes, device type, gender, embolism, heart failure, surgery
Le 2011 [24]	Retrospective	416	Device type, gender, Staphylococcus aureus, surgery *
Athan 2012 [25]	Prospective	177	Diabetes, device type, gender, Staphylococcus aureus, embolism, heart failure, surgery *
Habib 2013 [15]	Retrospective	414	Diabetes, device type, gender, Staphylococcus aureus, embolism, heart failure, surgery *
Deckx 2014 [26]	Retrospective	176	Diabetes, device type, gender, heart failure, surgery *
Tarakji 2014 [27]	Retrospective	502	Diabetes, gender, heart failure
Lee 2015 [28]	Retrospective	387	Staphylococcus aureus, surgery *
Deharo 2015 [29]	Prospective	197	Diabetes, gender, device type, surgery *
Huang 2016 [30]	Retrospective	51	Surgery *
Black-Maier 2020 [31]	Retrospective	27	Diabetes, gender, Staphylococcus aureus, surgery *
Narui 2021 [16]	Retrospective	452	Diabetes, gender, device type, Staphylococcus aureus, embolism, heart failure, surgery *

* Surgical intervention identified as a protective factor for mortality.