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. 2022 May 27;15(11):3827. doi: 10.3390/ma15113827
MC 10 Eurocode 2
Limit of the section wall thickness Wall thickness of the hollow section:
t=treal
Wall thickness of the plain section (equivalent hollow section):
t= 2x distance between the face of the section and the axis of the longitudinal reinforcement and tx/8.
Wall thickness of the hollow section:
If t=A/utreal
the section is considered as a hollow section;
If t=A/u>treal
the section is considered as a plain section (equivalent hollow section).Wall thickness of the plain section (equivalent hollow section):
t=A/u e t> 2x distance between the face of the section and the axis of the longitudinal reinforcement.
Shear stresses and shear forces due to torsion Shear stress at a wall i:
Vi=Tzi2Ak
Shear flow at a wall i:
τiti=T2Ak
Shear stress at a wall i:
Vi=τitizi
Safety condition Condition: 
VR=VRc+VRtVR,max
Approximation level II: 
VRc=0 
VRt=Atsukfytcotθ
Condition:
TTR,max1.0 
VR=Atsukfytcotθ
Maximum limit by the tension in concrete struts Maximum limit:
VR,max=kcfckγctukcotθcotα1+cot2θ
Approximation level II:
kc=0.5530/fck1/30.55
and α=90º
Maximum limit:
TR,max=2ναcwfcAktsinθcosθ
where
ν=0.61fck/250
and αcw=1, for non-prestressed beams.
* cot2θ=2AlfylsAtfytuk cot2θ=AlfylsAtfytuk
* Angle between the concrete struts and the longitudinal axis of the beams.