Table 1.

Particle characterization of the CuO, ZnO, and TiO₂ NMs used for genotoxicity screening. Measured primary NP sizes are presented in terms of width and length, with standard deviation in parentheses for each respective measurement (n = 100–200). For TiO₂ NW (774510) only the width was directly measured due to the tangled nature of the fibres. PPS: primary particle size. SSA: specific surface area.

Metal Oxide	Manufacturer (Catalogue Number)	Coating	PPS Reported a	PPS Measured (Standard Deviation)	Aspect ratio (Standard Deviation)	SSA (m2/g) a
ZnO	US Research Nanomaterials Inc. (US3580)	Pristine	35-45 nm	23.9 × 19.4 nm (7.2 × 5.5 nm)	1.23 (0.17)	65
CuO	Sigma Aldrich (544868)	Pristine	28 nm	64.8 × 45.9 nm b (28.0 × 47.0 nm)	1.39 (0.39)	33
TiO2	National Institute of Standards and Technology (1898)	Pristine	19 nm Anatase (76%) 37 nm Rutile (24%)	26.8 × 20.8 nm (8.9 × 6.8 nm)	1.30 (0.26)	55.55
TiO2	Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, f. (5422HT)	Silica	20 nm (80–90% Anatase; 10–20% Rutile)	52.6 × 32.7 nm (25.3 × 12.4 nm)	1.63 (0.51)	≥40
TiO2	Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc. (5423HT)	Silica & Alumina	20 nm (80–90% Anatase; 10–20% Rutile)	37.6 × 30.1 nm (23.1 × 18.3 nm)	1.32 (0.71)	≥40
TiO2	Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc. (5424HT)	Silica & Stearic Acid	20 nm (80–90% Anatase; 10–20% Rutile)	49.5 × 32.9 nm (20.4 × 12.4 nm)	1.54 (0.42)	≥10
TiO2	Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc. (5425HT)	Silica & Silicone Oil	20 nm (80–90% Anatase; 10–20% Rutile)	50.3 × 32.5 nm (42.8 × 13.3 nm)	1.53 (0.75)	≥10
TiO2	MKNano (MK-TiO2-A050)	Hydrophilic	50 nm (Anatase)	30.7 × 26.3 nm (8.57 × 7.01 nm)	1.17 (0.15)	N/A
TiO2	MKNano (MKN-TiO2-R050P)	Pristine	50 nm (Rutile)	82.4 × 52.9 nm (34.6 × 14.6 nm)	1.56 (0.51)	N/A
TiO2	MKNano (MKN-TiO2-A005)	Pristine	<5 nm (Anatase)	7.6 × 5.4 nm (2.1 × 1.6 nm)	1.42 (0.30)	356
TiO2	Sigma Aldrich (774510)	Pristine	100 nm × 10 000 nm	106.5 nm (147.5 nm)	----	N/A

^a Information obtained from manufacturer. ^b Information obtained from [17].