Table 2.
Characteristics by sex for the overall sample and by diagnostic subgroup.
| Overall | ASD Only | ASD + ADHD | ASD + Anx | ASD + ADHD + Anx | Subgroup Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex distribution | N = 25,078 | N = 10,804 | N = 7,707 | N = 2,045 | N = 4,522 | |
| Female – N (%) | 5,397 (21.5%) | 2,536 (23.5%) |
1,268 (16.5%) | 595 (29.1%) | 998 (22.1%) | X2 = 211.87* |
| Male – N (%) | 19,681 (78.5%) | 8,268 (76.5%) |
6,439 (83.5%) | 1450 (70.9%) | 3,524 (77.9%) | |
| Sex ratio vs. ASD Only | Reference | More males* | More females* | ns | ||
| Current age in years | ||||||
| Female – Mean (SD) | 10.40 (3.24) | 9.70 (3.18) | 10.21 (2.99) | 11.64 (3.32) | 11.69 (3.06) | ASD Only< ASD + ADHD < ASD + Anx = ASD + Anx + ADHD |
| Male – Mean (SD) | 10.48 (3.26) | 10.04 (3.36) | 10.40 (3.12) | 11.42 (3.26) | 11.30 (3.04) | |
| Sex difference | ns | Males older* | Males older* | ns | Females older* | |
| Age at diagnosis | ||||||
| Female – Mean (SD) | 5.45 (3.31) | 4.28 (2.55) | 5.81 (3.12) | 6.75 (4.00) | 7.21 (3.62) | ASD Only< ASD + ADHD < ASD + Anx< ASD + Anx + ADHD |
| Male – Mean (SD) | 5.06 (2.94) | 4.19 (2.47) | 5.42 (2.93) | 5.47 (3.11) | 6.26 (3.27) | |
| Missing – N (%) | 30 (.1%) | 10 (.09%) | 13 (.17%) | 2 (.10%) | 5 (.11%) | |
| Sex difference | Females older* | ns | Females older* | Females older* | Females older* | |
| Intellectual disability – yes | ||||||
| Female – N (%) | 1,240 (23.0%) | 565 (22.3%) | 325 (25.8%) | 116 (19.6%) | 234 (23.4%) | Females: X2 = 10.23* Males: ns |
| Male – N (%) | 4,121 (20.1%) | 1,760 (21.3%) | 1,351 (21.0%) | 306 (21.1%) | 704 (20.0%) | |
| Missing – N (%) | ||||||
| Sex difference | More females* | ns | More females* | ns | More females* | |
| Prescribed medication - yes | ||||||
| Female – N (%) | 2,112 (39.1 %) | 513 (20.2%) | 673 (53.1%) | 288 (48.4%) | 638 (63.9%) | ASD + ADHD + Anx > ASD + ADHD > ASD + Anx > ASD Only |
| Male – N (%) | 8,430 (42.8%) | 1,829 (22.1%) | 3,577 (55.6%) | 706 (48.7%) | 2318 (65.8%) | |
| Missing – N (%) | ||||||
| Sex difference | More males* | More males* | ns | ns | ns | |
| Gestational age 33–36 wks | ||||||
| Female – N (%) | 514 (9.5%) | 217 (8.6%) | 131 (10.3%) | 61 (10.3%) | 105 (10.5%) | X2 = 43.40* |
| Male – N (%) | 1,886 (9.6%) | 686 (8.3%) | 619 (9.6%) | 168 (11.6%) | 413 (11.7%) | ASD < ASD + ADHD < ASD + Anx < ASD + ADHD + Anx |
| Sex difference | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
Notes:
*
p=.05 or less.