Table 2.

Intervention approaches

Author/date	Use of formative research	Intervention channels
Longfield 2011 [46]	IDI; quantitative	Unpaid mass media; posters; community outreach
Meekers 2005 [47]	Focus groups; IDI; quantitative	Paid mass media; unpaid mass media; posters
Gutierrez 2010 [48]	IDI; quantitative	Unpaid mass media; community outreach
Kassegne 2011 [49]	IDI; quantitative	Paid mass media; unpaid mass media; posters; community outreach
Wood 2012 [50]	IDI	Paid mass media; unpaid mass media; community outreach; community mobilization
Agha 2021 [27]	Quantitative	Unpaid mass media; community outreach
Sarrassat 2015 [51]	None	Paid mass media
Engl 2019 [49]	Focus groups; IDI; quantitative	Unpaid mass media; community outreach
Ingabire 2018 [50]	Focus groups; quantitative	Unpaid mass media; community outreach; community mobilization
Kim 2019 [54]	Focus groups; IDI	Unpaid mass media; posters; community outreach
Sabin 2020 [55]	None	Unpaid mass media; mobile phones
Coulibaly 2020 [56]	IDI	Unpaid mass media; community mobilization
Wang 2016 [57]	None	Community outreach
Cummings 2017 [58]	Quantitative	Unpaid mass media; community mobilization
Johri 2020 [59]	Quantitative	Unpaid mass media; community mobilization; mobile phones
Agha 2019 [26]	Quantitative	Paid mass media
Saggurti 2013 [60]	None	Community mobilization
Sharma 2020 [61]	None	Posters; community outreach; community mobilization
Dickson-Gomez 2018 [62]	IDI	Unpaid mass media; community outreach
Wichaidit 2019 [63]	IDI	Posters; community outreach
Penn-Kekana 2018 [64]	None	Paid mass media; unpaid mass media; community outreach; community mobilization
Ma 2018 [65]	Focus groups; IDI	Community outreach; community mobilization
Hoddinott 2018 [66]	Focus groups; Quantitative	Unpaid mass media; community outreach
Babazadeh 2019 [67]	IDI	Community outreach
Murray 2015 [68]	Focus groups; IDI	Unpaid mass media