Table 1.
Main sources of CGAs.
| Source | Concentration (g/100 g) 1 (dm) |
CGA Composition | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artichoke | 1–8 | 5-CQA, 1,5-DCQA 3,4-DCQA and DCQA |
[24] |
| Artichoke leaves | 0.92 | CA, 3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA, 3,4-DQA, 3,5-DQA and 4,5-DQA | [23] |
| Sweet potato leaves | - | 3-CQA, 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA, 4,5-DCQA and 3,4,5-TCQA |
[15] |
| White tea (Camelia sinensis) leaves | 1.64 | 3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA, 3,4-DQA, 3,5-DQA and 4,5-DQA | [23] |
| Green tea (Camelia sinensis) leaves | 1.32 | 3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA, 3,4-DQA, 3,5-DQA and 4,5-DQA | [23] |
| Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves and thalli | 9.19 | 3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA, 3,4-DQA, 3,5-DQA and 4,5-DQA | [23] |
| Green coffee beans | 4.10–11.3 2 | CQA, FQA and DCQA | [25] |
| Apples | 0.38 0–0.2 g/L (juice) |
3-CQA, 5-CQA, 4,5-DCQA | [26] |
| Pears | 0.28 0–0.24 g/L (juice) |
3-CQA, 5-CQA, 3,6-DCQA | [27] |
| Blueberries | 2 | 5-CQA, 3-FQA | [28] |
| Grapes | 0.15 | 5-CQA, CoQA | [29] |
| Spinach | 0.2 | p-CoQA | [30] |
| Beans and peas | 0.12 | p-CoQA | [31] |
| Stone fruits | 0.01–0.6 | p-CoQA, 5-CQA, FQA, 4,5-DCQA, 3,4-TCQA | [32] |
| Potato tubers | 0.5–1.2 | CQA; DCQA | [33] |
1 Units may have been changed for consistency and expressed in dry matter (dm). 2 It depends on the variety and geographic origin of the coffee.