. 2022 Jun 2;27(11):3578. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113578

Table 1.

Different types of phytoconstituens reported from P. frutescens.

S. No	Phytochemical Name	Molecular Formula	Plant Parts	Reference
Monoterpenes
Acyclic type
1.	β-Myrcene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves	[1,2]
2.	Geraniol	C₁₀H₁₈O	Leaves	[3,4]
3.	β-Citronellene	C₁₀H₁₈	Leaves	[3]
4.	Nerol	C₁₀H₁₈O	Leaves	[2]
5.	Linalool	C₁₀H₁₈O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[4,5]
6.	Ocimene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves	[3]
Monocyclic type
7.	α-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[3,5]
8.	β-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	Aerial parts	[6]
9.	Thymol	C₁₀H₁₄O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1,5]
10.	α-Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves	[1]
11.	β-Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves, Aerial parts	[3,6]
12.	1,8-Cineole	C₁₀H₁₈O	Leaves	[1,2]
13.	Damascenone	C₁₃H₁₈O	Leaves	[4]
14.	Terpinen-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	Leaves	[3]
15.	Terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves	[3]
16.	Carvacrol	C₁₀H₁₄O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1,5]
17.	Carvone	C₁₀H₁₄O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[4,7]
18.	Piperitone	C₁₀H₁₆O	Leaves	[4]
19.	Piperitenone	C₁₀H₁₄O	Leaves	[3,4]
20.	Limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1,2]
21.	Menthone	C₁₀H₁₈O	Leaves	[3]
22.	Carveole	C₁₀H₁₆O	Leaves	[4]
23.	Pulegone	C₁₀H₁₆O	Leaves	[2]
Bicyclic type
24.	δ -2-Carene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves	[4]
25.	Camphane	C₁₀H₁₈	Leaves	[3]
26.	Verbenol	C₁₀H₁₆O	Leaves	[3]
27.	Sabinene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves	[2,3]
Furanoid type
28.	Frutescenone A	C₁₀H₁₀O₄	Aerial parts	[8]
29.	Frutescenone B	C₁₀H₁₄O₃	Aerial parts	[8]
30.	Frutescenone C	C₁₅H₁₉N₅O₂	Aerial parts	[8]
31.	Isoegomaketone	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	Aerial parts	[8,9]
32.	9-hydroxyisoegoma ketone	C₁₀H₁₂O₃	Aerial parts	[8,9]
33.	(3S,4R)-3-hydroxy perillaldehyde	C₁₀H₁₄O	Aerial parts	[8]
34.	Perillic acid	C₁₀H₁₄O₂	Aerial parts	[8]
Sesquiterpenes
Acyclic type
35.	α-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves, Aerial parts	[2,3,4,5]
36.	β -Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves, Aerial parts	[3,10]
37.	Farnesol	C₁₅H₂₆O	Leaves	[3]
38.	Nerolidol	C₁₅H₂₆O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[2,5]
Monocyclic type
39.	α-Humulene	C₁₅H₂₄O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[2,5]
40.	Bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
41.	Germacrene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[1]
42.	Elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[1]
43.	β-Ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1,5]
Bicyclic type
44.	α-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1,5]
45.	β-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1]
46.	β-Caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves, Aerial parts	[5,11]
47.	ε-Muurolene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
48.	α-Cadinene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[2]
49.	β-Cadinene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
50.	α-Santalol	C₁₅H₂₄O	Leaves	[3]
51.	α-Bulnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
52.	β-Gurjunene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
53.	β-Selinene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
54.	α-Fenchene	C₁₀H₁₆	Leaves	[3]
55.	α-Cadinol	C₁₅H₂₆O	Leaves	[12]
56.	Eremophilene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
57.	Calarene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
58.	Valencene	C₁₅H₂₄	Aerial parts	[10]
Tricyclic type
59.	Spathulenol	C₁₅H₂₄O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1,13]
60.	Viridiflorene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
61.	Cubebene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[2]
62.	Alloaromadendrene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
63.	Patchoulane	C₁₅H₂₆	Leaves	[3]
64.	α-Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves, Aerial parts	[3,10]
65.	Longifolen	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves	[3]
66.	Ylangene	C₁₅H₂₄	Leaves, Aerial parts	[4]
Diterpenoids
67.	Phytol	C₂₀H₄₀O	Leaves, Aerial parts	[1,5,11]
Triterpenoids
68.	Ursolic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₃	Leaves	[14,15]
69.	Corosolic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₄	Leaves	[15,16]
70.	3-epicorosolic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₄	Leaves	[15]
71.	Pomolic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₄	Leaves	[15]
72.	Tormentic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₅	Leaves	[15,16]
73.	Hyptadienic acid	C₃₀H₄₆O₄	Leaves	[15]
74.	Oleanolic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₃	Leaves	[15]
75.	Augustic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₄	Leaves	[15]
76.	3-epimaslinic acid	C₃₀H₄₈O₄	Leaves	[15]
77.	Sericoside	C₃₆H₅₈O₁₁	Leaves	[17]
Phenyl propanoids
78.	Elemicin	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	Aerial parts Leaves	[8,18]
79.	Isoelemicin	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	Aerial parts	[8]
80.	Myristicin	C₁₁H₁₂O₃	Aerial parts Leaves	[8,18]
81.	Eugenol	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	Leaves Aerial parts	[1,2]
82.	Isoeugenol	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	Leaves	[3,4]
83.	Perilloside E	C₁₇H₂₂O₉	Leaves	[19]
84.	Dillapiole	C₁₂H₁₄O₄	Leaves	[18]
85.	Nothoapiole	C₁₃H₁₆O₅	Leaves	[18]
86.	Allyltetramethoxy benzene		Leaves	[18]
87.	α-Asarone	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	Leaves, Aerial Parts	[3,10]
88.	Estragole	C₁₀H₁₂O	Leaves	[1]
Alkaloids
89.	Neoechinulin A	C₁₉H₂₁N₃O₂	Aerial parts	[8]
90.	1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid	C₉H₇NO₂	Aerial parts	[8]
91.	Indole-3-carboxaldehyde	C₉H₇NO	Aerial parts	[8]
Phenolic compounds
92.	Rosmarinic acid	C₁₈H₁₆O₈	Leaves, Fruits Seeds	[20,21,22,23]
93.	Methyl rosmarinic acid	C₁₉H₁₈O₈	Leaves Seeds	[24,25]
94.	Rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside	C₂₄H₂₆O₁₃	Seeds	[22,23,24]
95.	3′-dehydroxyl-rosmar inicacid-3-O-glucoside	C₂₄H₂₅O₁₂	Seeds	[24]
96.	Caffeic acid	C₉H₈O₄	Leaves, Seeds	[22,24,26]
97.	Ethyl caffeate	C₁₁H₁₂O₄	Aerial parts (leaves and stems)	[8]
98.	Methyl caffeate	C₁₀H₁₀O₄	Aerial parts (leaves and stems)	[27]
99.	Vinyl caffeate	C₁₁H₁₀O₄	Aerial parts (leaves and stems)	[27]
100.	Trans-p-menthenyl caffeate		leaves	[27]
101.	Caffeic acid-3-O-glucoside	C₁₅H₁₈O₉	Seeds	[23,24]
102.	Protocatechuic acid	C₇H₆O₄	Leaves	[25,28,29]
103.	Protocatechuic aldehyde	C₇H₆O₃	Aerial parts (leaves and stems)	[27]
104.	Chlorogenic acid	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	Leaves	[25,29]
105.	Vanillic acid	C₈H₈O₄	Seeds	[24]
106.	Isovanillic acid	C₈H₈O₄	Leaves	[29]
107.	Sinapic acid	C₁₁H₁₂O₅	Leaves	[29]
108.	Gallic acid	C₇H₆O₅	Leaves	[29,30]
109.	Ferulic acid	C₁₀H₁₀O₄	Leaves Seeds	[29,31]
110.	4-coumaric acid	C₉H₈O₃	Leaves	[32]
111.	Coumaroyl tartaric acid	C₁₃H₁₂O₈	Leaves	[30]
112.	4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid	C₉H₁₀O₄	Leaves	[33]
113	Sagerinic acid	C₃₆H₃₂O₁₆	Leaves	[16]
114.	Cimidahurinine	C₁₄H₂₀O₈	Seeds	[24]
115.	p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	C₇H₆O₃	Leaves	[29]
116.	3,4-DHPEA (Hydroxy tyrosol)	C₈H₁₀O₆S	Leaves	[30]
Flavonoids
Flavones
117.	Luteolin	C₁₅H₁₀O₆	Leaves seeds, fruits	[21,22,23]
118.	Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₂	Leaves	[34]
119.	Luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide	C₂₇H₂₆O₁₈	Leaves	[32,34]
120.	Luteolin 7-O- glucuronide -6”-methyl ester	C₂₂H₂₀O₁₂	Leaves	[35]
121.	Luteolin-5-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₁	Seeds	[24]
122.	Luteolin-7-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₁	Leaves, Seeds	[36,37]
123.	Apigenin	C₁₅H₁₀O₅	Leaves, seeds, fruits	[21,22,23,28]
124.	Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₁	Leaves	[32]
125.	Apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide	C₂₇H₂₆O₁₇	Leaves	[32,34]
126.	Apigenin-7-O-glucoside	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀	Seeds	[37]
127.	Apigenin 7-O-caffeoylglucoside	C₃₀H₂₆O₁₃	Leaves	[34]
128.	Diosmetin	C₁₆H₁₂O₆	Seeds	[38]
129.	Chrysoeriol	C₁₆H₁₂O₆	Fruits, seeds	[21,22]
130.	Scutellarin	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₂	Leaves	[17]
131.	Scutellarein	C₁₅H₁₀O₆	Leaves	[17]
132.	Scutellarein -7-O-glucuronide	C₂₁H₁₈O₁₂	Leaves	[32,34,39]
133.	Scutellarein 7-O-diglucuronide	C₂₇H₂₆O₁₈	Leaves	[32,34,39]
134.	Negletein	C₁₆H₁₂O₅	Leaves	[17,28]
135.	Vicenin-2	C₂₇H₃₀O₁₅	Leaves	[40]
136.	Catechin	C₁₅H₁₄O₆	Leaves Seeds	[31]
Flavanones
137.	Shisoflavanone A	C₁₇H₁₆O₅	Leaves	[28]
138.	Liquiritigenin		Leaves	[16]
139.	5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone	C₁₆H₁₄O₅	Leaves	[28]
140.	(2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-8,4′-dihydroxy flavanone	C₁₇H₁₆O₆	Leaves	[41]
141.	8-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone	C₁₇H₁₆O₅	Leaves	[42]
Chalcones
142.	2′,4′-dimethoxy-4,5′,6′-trihydroxychalcone	C₁₇H₁₆O₆	Leaves	[41]
143.	2′,3′-dihydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone	C₁₇H₁₆O₅	Leaves	[43]
Aurones
144.	(Z)-4,6-dimethoxy-7,4′-dihydroxyaurone	C₁₇H₁₄O₆	Leaves	[41]
Anthocyanins
145.	Shisonin (Perillanin) (cyanidin 3-coumaroyl-glucoside- 5-glucoside)	C₃₆H₃₇O₁₈⁺	Leaves	[39,44]
146.	Cis-Shisonin	[Cl^-]C₃₆H₃₇O₁₇[O⁺]	Leaves	[44]
147.	Cis-malonyl shisonin	C₃₉H₃₉O₂₁⁺	Leaves	[44]
148.	Cyanidin 3-O-feruloyl glucoside-5-O-glucoside	C₄₃H₄₉O₂₄	Leaves	[44]
149.	Cyanidin 3-O-caffeoyl glucoside-5-Oglucoside	C₃₆H₃₇O₁₉⁺	Leaves	[44]
150.	Cyanidin 3-O-caffeoyl glucoside-5-O-malonyl glucoside	C₃₀H₂₇O₁₄+	Leaves	[44]
151.	Peonidin 3-O-malonyl glucoside-5-O-p-coumarylglucoside	C₃₈H₄₁O₁₇+	Leaves	[45]
Coumarins
152.	Esculetin	C₉H₆O₄	Leaves	[17,28]
153.	6,7-dihydroxycoumarin	C₉H₆O₄	Leaves and stems	[27]
Carotenoids
154.	Loliolide	C₁₁H₁₆O₃	Leaves	[17]
155.	Isololiolide	C₁₁H₁₆O₃	Leaves	[17]
Neolignans
156.	Magnosalin	C₂₄H₃₂O₆	Leaves	[46]
157.	Andamanicin	C₂₄H₃₆O₆	Leaves	[46]
Glucosides
158.	Perillanolide A	C₁₆H₂₆O₇	Leaves	[17]
159.	Perillanolide B	C₁₆H₂₆O₇	Leaves	[17]
160.	Perilloside A	C₁₆H₂₆O₆	Leaves	[19]
161.	Perilloside B	C₁₆H₂₄O₇	Leaves	[19]
162.	Perilloside C	C₁₆H₂₈O₆	Leaves	[19]
163.	Perilloside E	C₁₇H₂₂O₉	Leaves	[19]
164.	Loganin(Iridoid glucoside)	C₁₇H₂₆O₁₀	Leaves	[16]
165.	5’-β-d-glucopyranosyl oxyjasrnonic acid;	C₁₈H_28O₉	Leaves	[16,19]
166.	3-β-d-glucopyrano syl-3-epi-2-isocucur bic acid	C₁₈H_30O₈	Leaves	[19]
167.	3-β-d-glucopyranosyl oxy-5-phenylvaleric acid	C₁₇H_24O₈	Leaves	[19]
168.	N-octanoyl-β-d-fructofuranosyl-α-d-glucopyranoside	C₂₀H_36O₁₂	Leaves	[16]
169.	Eugenyl-β-d-glucoside	C₁₆H_22O₇	Leaves	[19]
170.	Benzyl-β-d-glucoside	C₁₃H_18O₆	Leaves	[19]
171.	β-sitosteryl β-d-glucoside	C₃₅H_60O₆	Leaves	[19]
172.	Prunasin	C₁₄H₁₇NO₆	Leaves	[19]
173.	Sambunigrin	C₁₄H₁₇NO₆	Leaves	[19]
Benzoxepin derivatives
174.	Perilloxin	C₁₆H_18O₄	Stems	[47]
175.	Dehydroperilloxin	C₁₆H_16O₄	Stems	[47]
Policosanols
176.	Eicosnaol	C₂₀H_42O	Seeds	[48,49,50]
177.	Heneicosanol	C₂₁H_44O	Seeds
178.	Docosanol	C₂₂H_46O	Seeds
179.	Tricosanol	C₂₃H_48O	Seeds
180.	Tetracosanol	C₂₄H_50O	Seeds
181.	Pentacosanol	C₂₅H_52O	Seeds
182.	Hexacosanol	C₂₆H_54O	Seeds
183.	Heptacosanol	C₂₇H_56O	Seeds
184.	Octacosanol	C₂₈H_58O	Seeds
185.	Nonacosanol	C₂₉H_60O	Seeds
186.	Triacontanol	C₃₀H_62O	Seeds
Phytosterols
187.	Stigmasterol	C₂₉H_48O	Seeds	[50,51]
188.	β-sitosterol	C₃₁H_52O₂	Seeds	[50,51]
189.	Campesterol	C₂₈H_48O	Seeds	[50]
190.	β-amyrin	C₃₀H_50O	Seeds	[50]
191.	β-cholestanol	C₂₇H_48O	Seeds	[50]
192.	5α-cholestane	C₂₇H₄₈	Seeds	[50,52]
Tocopherols
193.	δ-tocopherol	C₂₇H_46O₂	Seeds	[50,51]
194.	γ-tocopherol	C₂₈H_48O₂	Seeds
195.	β-tocopherol	C₂₈H_48O₂	Seeds
196.	α-tocopherol	C₂₉H_50O₂	Seeds
Fatty acids
197.	Lauric acid	C₁₂H₂₄O2	Seeds	[53]
198.	Myristic acid	C₁₄H₂₈O2	Seeds	[53]
199.	Pentadecanoic acid	C₁₅H₃₀O2	Seeds	[50]
200.	Palmitic acid	C₁₆H₃₂O2	Seeds	[50]
201.	Palmitoleic acid	C₁₆H₃₀O2	Seeds	[53]
202.	Heptadecanoic acid	C₁₇H₃₄O2	Seeds	[53]
203.	Stearic acid	C₁₈H₃₆O2	Seeds	[50]
204.	Oleic acid	C₁₈H₃₄O2	Seeds	[50]
205.	Linoleic acid	C₁₈H₃₂O2	Seeds	[50]
206.	Linolenic acid	C₁₈H₃₀O2	Seeds	[50]
207.	Arachidic acid	C₂₀H₄₀O₂	Seeds	[50]
208.	Eicosenoic acid	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	Seeds	[50]
209.	Eicosadienoic acid	C₂₀H₃₆O₂	Seeds	[53]
210.	Eicosatrienoic acid	C₂₀H₃₄O₂	Seeds	[53]
211.	Behenic acid	C₂₂H₄₄O2	Seeds	[53]
Other important compounds
212.	p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	C₇H₆O₂	Leaves	[17]
213.	p-Hydroxyacetophenone	C₈H₈O₂	Leaves	[17]
214.	trans-p-Hydroxycinnamic acid	C₉H₈O₃	Leaves	[17]
215.	3′,4′,5′-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol	C₁₂H₁₆O₄	Aerial parts	[8]