| UPLC/MS/MS | ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry |
| i.v. | intravenous administration |
| i.g. | intragastric administration |
| T1/2Z | elimination half-life |
| MRT | mean residence time |
| VZ | apparent volume of distribution |
| CLZ | systemic clearance |
| Tmax | the time to reach the peak concentration |
| AUC | the area under concentration-time curve |
| ADR | Angelicae Dahurica Radix |
| IS | internal standard |
| MRM | multiple-reaction monitoring |
| QC | quality control |
| LLOQ | lower limits of quantification |
| RSD | relative standard deviation |
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