Table A1.
Range of mechanical properties of agar-based biopolymer films for food packaging applications.
| Id. | Ref | Material System | Tensile Strength MIN (MPa) | Tensile Strength MAX (MPa) | Elongation at Break MIN (%) | Elongation at Break MAX (%) | Young’s Modulus MIN (MPa) |
Young’s Modulus MAX (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agar | [28] | Agar/Glycerol (this study) | 0.11 | 39.11 | 3.92 | 115.8 | 0.03 | 13.24 |
| 12 | [32] | Agar/Lignin/Glycerol | 48.5 | 52.1 | 22.1 | 27.6 | 1070 | 1470 |
| 3 | [42] | Agar/Locust bean gum | 55 | 100 | 0.8 | 2.5 | ||
| 1 | [46] | Agar/Glycerol/Cassava Starch/Arabinoxylan | 17.27 | 42.11 | 2.64 | 6.51 | ||
| 2 | [47] | Agar/Gelatin/Glycerol/Cloisite Na+/Thymol | 26.65 | 38.13 | 55.2 | 76.35 | ||
| 4 | [48] | Agar/Chitosan/Acetic acid/Glycerol | 29 | 45 | 5.7 | 20 | ||
| 5 | [49] | Agar/essential oils/protein hydrolysate/Glycerol | 10.16 | 27.46 | 3.93 | 42.7 | ||
| 6 | [50] | Agar/Glycerol/MCG/PGA | 2.2 | 20.7 | 10.8 | 62.3 | ||
| 7 | [51] | Agar/Soy protein isolate/Glycerol | 4.3 | 5.9 | 28.6 | 65.1 | 75 | 100.2 |
| 8 | [52] | Agar/Potato Starch/Glycerol/Sodium Chloride/Potassium Chloride | 1 | 14 | 30 | 70 | ||
| 9 | [53] | Agar/nanocellulose/microcellulose/Glycerol | 19.5 | 52.8 | 12.5 | 17.8 | 660 | 1390 |
| 10 | [54] | Agar/Corn starch/Glycerol | 1.8 | 17.3 | 38 | 55 | 50 | 290 |
| 11 | [55] | Agar/Chitosan/halloysite nanotube | 34.5 | 48 | 14.5 | 24 | ||
| 13 | [56] | Agar/K-carrageenan/konjac/nanoclay/Glycerol | 34.861 | 75.761 | 10.761 | 48.161 | 726.1 | 2556.1 |
| 14 | [57] | Agar/Soy protein isolate/Glycerol | 5 | 25 | 105 | 200 | ||
| 15 | [58] | Agar/Green tea extract/Gelatin | 6.88 | 18.48 | 51.69 | 77.6 | ||
| 16 | [59] | Agar/Gelatin/Glycerol/Vine leaves extract | 47.56 | 71.58 | 3.15 | 27.25 | ||
| 17 | [60] | Agar/Carboxy MethylCellulose/Glycerol |
6.4 | 10.5 | 42.5 | 57 | ||
| 18 | [61] | Agar/Nano Crystalline Cellulose/Savory essential oil/Glycerol | 20.38 | 31.21 | 46.5 | 62.99 | ||
| 19 | [62] | Agar/Grapefruit Seed extract/Glycerol | 5.5 | 34.6 | 25.6 | 33 | 73.7 | 1004.9 |
| 20 | [63] | Agar/Cellulose NanoWhiskers/Glycerol |
70 | 90 | 1950 | 4150 | ||
| 21 | [64] | Agar/Nano clay/Glycerol | 28 | 37 | 45.2 | 53.6 | ||
| 22 | [65] | Agar/Nano clay/Glycerol | 29.3 | 35 | 44.6 | 57.4 | ||
| 23 | [66] | Agar/NanoCrystalsCellulose/Glycerol | 22.7 | 33.7 | 20.1 | 31.2 | 550 | 720 |
| 24 | [67] | Agar/Nano-Bacterial Cellulose/Glycerol | 22.1 | 44.51 | 10.76 | 27.47 | ||
| 25 | [68] | Agar/nanocellulose/Glycerol | 33.3 | 41.3 | 22.8 | 36.2 | 770 | 1110 |
| 26 | [69] | Agar/Carrageenan/TiO2 nanoparticle/Glycerol | 30.8 | 60.6 | 21.9 | 34.4 | 112.5 | 264.7 |
| 27 | [70] | Agar/cellulose nanocrystals/Cellulose microfiber/onion skin powder | 28.8 | 50.6 | 19.2 | 25.6 | 1.1 | 1.98 |
| 28 | [71] | Agar/Bacterial cellulose/Glycerol | 25 | 60 | 12 | 22 | ||
| 29 | [72] | Agar/Alginate/Collagen/silver nitrate/sodium citrate/ | 20.5 | 25.8 | 21.1 | 29.8 | 310 | 510 |
| 30 | [73] | Agar/ZnONPs (aqueous fruit extract)/Glycerol | 20.68 | 51.02 | 27.9 | 37.23 |