Table 3.
Fatty acid profile and nutritional indices in leaves of I. paraguariensis and various varieties of I. aquifolium and I. meserveae.
| Fatty Acid 1 | RI Exp. 2 | RI Lit. 3 | I. paraguariensis | I. aquifolium | I. meserveae | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | Ferox Argentea | Rubricaulis Aurea | Blue Angel | Blue Boy | Golden Girl | |||||
| Concentration (mg g−1) d.w | ||||||||||
| Palmitic acid | C16:0 | 1599 | 1600 | 18.08 4a | 12.05 d | 15.03 b | 12.66 d | 14.03 bc | 13.04 cd | 12.51 d |
| Stearic acid | C18:0 | 1801 | 1800 | 6.39 a | 2.37 c | 4.17 b | 2.50 c | 4.12 b | 2.56 c | 2.60 c |
| Oleic acid | C18:1ω9 | 1817 | 1819 | 9.03 a | 3.60 e | 4.39 c | 3.92 d | 7.61 b | 3.41 e | 3.37 e |
| Linoleic acid | C18:2ω6 | 1867 | 1874 | 4.23 a | 8.40 d | 5.84 b | 8.72 e | 5.63 b | 8.21 c | 10.08 f |
| α-Linolenic acid | C18:3ω3 | 1933 | 1928 | 5.92 a | 21.31 d | 9.72 b | 19.28 c | 9.09 b | 19.61 c | 22.16 d |
| Arachidonic acid | C20:4ω3 | 2118 | 2115 | 2.71 a | 0.71 c | 9.11 e | 0.54 cd | 1.84 b | 0.40 d | 0.58 cd |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | C22:6ω3 | 2419 | 2416 | 1.67 a | 0.53 cd | 1.73 a | 0.66 c | 0.93 b | 0.45 d | 0.66 c |
| ∑SFA | 48.27 a | 30.38 g | 43.26 b | 32.85 e | 40.78 c | 33.26 d | 30.82 f | |||
| ∑UFA | 51.74 a | 69.64 g | 56.74 b | 67.15 e | 59.24 c | 66.75 d | 69.21 f | |||
| ∑MUFA | 25.31 a | 11.15 e | 29.78 c | 11.91 d | 23.41 b | 10.38 f | 9.45 g | |||
| ∑PUFAω6 | 12.28 a | 17.37 e | 14.24 b | 17.61 f | 14.87 c | 17.22 d | 18.64 g | |||
| ∑PUFAω3 | 14.16 a | 41.12 f | 12.72 b | 37.63 d | 20.96 c | 39.15 e | 41.12 f | |||
| IA 5 | 0.77 a | 0.42 c | 0.69 a | 0.43 c | 0.62 ab | 0.44 bc | 0.50 bc | |||
| IT 6 | 0.69 a | 0.20 c | 0.62 a | 0.23 c | 0.46 b | 0.22 c | 0.22 c | |||
| PUFA/SFA 7 | 0.57 a | 1.96 d | 0.63 a | 1.70 c | 0.91 b | 1.74 c | 1.90 d | |||
| h/H 8 | 1.24 a | 2.73 d | 1.17 a | 2.41 c | 1.72 b | 2.39 c | 2.66 d | |||
| UI 9 | 110.07 a | 174.73 d | 142.87 c | 169.17 d | 126.82 b | 168.16 d | 175.87 d | |||
1 All compounds are expressed as GC-MS percentage of methyl esters; 2 experimental retention indices calculated against saturated fatty acids; 3 retention indices according to the Lipids Library 1.0; 4 values are mean; values followed by the same letter within a row are not significantly different (p > 0.05, Tukey’s test); 5 IA, Index of Atherogenicity; 6 IT, Index of Thrombogenicity; 7 PUFA/SFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid; 8 h/H, Hypocholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic Index; 9 UI, Unsaturation Index.