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. 2022 Jun 2;27(11):3581. doi: 10.3390/molecules27113581

Table 1.

Variability of the concentration of leptin in human milk.

Source Mean Leptin Value in Human Milk
or Serum (Range)		 Study Group
(Abundance)		 Method Age of Fed
Children
Bronský J. et al. (2006) [31]
Chan D. et al. (2018) [32]
Dares G. S. et al. (2019) [33]		 0.50 (±1.37) ng/mL 56 ELISA (Biovendor-Laboratory Medicine) 1st week
0.349 (0.031–3.968) ng/mL 430 ELISA (Meso Scale Discovery) 4th month

  1. 0.640 (0.075–4.318) ng/mL

  2. 0.484 (0.055–6.576) ng/mL

  1. 135

  2. 125

 ELISA (NO COMPANY) 1st month
3rd month
Fields D. A. et al. (2012) [3] 0.0918 (±0.0047) ng/mL 19 ELISA (NO COMPANY) 1st month
Karatas Z. et al. (2011) [34]
Khodabakhshi A. et al. (2015) [23]
Logan C. A. et al. (2019) [10]
Miralles O. et al. (2006) [6]		 BF * Foremilk: 0.33 (0.28–0.50) ng/mL
Hindmilk: 0.40 (0.15–2.34) ng/mL		 26 ELISA (DRG Instruments) 2nd month

  1. Milk of non-obese infant:

    1.78 (1.67–1.94) ng/mL

  2. Milk of obese infant:

    1.81 (1.65–1.94) ng/mL

  1. 40

  2. 40

 ELISA (Mediagnost)

  1. 2nd–5th month

  2. 2nd–5th month

  1. 388.8 (12–3941) ng/mL

  2. 269.6 (0.3–2077) ng/mL

  3. 320.4 (15.5–1475) ng/mL

  1. 668

  2. 445

  3. 69

 ELISA (R&D Systems)

  1. 6th week

  2. 6th month

  3. 1st year
Milk: 0.156 (±0.039) ng/mL
Maternal plasma: 12.8 (±1.7) ng/mL		 28 ELISA (R&D Systems) 1st month
Brunner S. et al. (2014) [35]
Savino et al. (2002) [36]		 Median (** IQR)

  1. Milk: 0.11 (0.19);

    maternal plasma: 9.52 (8.56) ng/mL

  2. Milk: 0.09 (0.18);

    maternal plasma: 8.30 (10.64) ng/mL

  1. 152

  2. 120

 Milk RIA (Mediagnost);
Maternal plasma ELISA (Mediagnost)

  1. 6th week

  2. 4th month
Savino et al. (2016) [37] BF* Milk median (** IQR): 2.34 (5.73) ng/mL 23 RIA (Mediagnost) <6th month
Schister et al. (2011) [38] Median (range)

  1. 0.17 (0.08–0.25) ng/mL

  2. 0.11(0.06–0.20) ng/mL

  3. 0.15 (0.05–0.32) ng/mL

  1. 23

  2. 23

  3. 23

 RIA (Mediagnost)

  1. 1st week

  2. 2nd month

  3. 6th month
Schueler et al. (2013) [39] Foremilk: 0.9 (±0.7) ng/mL
Hindmilk: 1.0 ± 0.8 ng/mL		 12 RIA (Millipore) 2nd month
Uysal F. K. et al. (2002) [40]

  1. Milk of obese infant: 0.27 (±0. 2) ng/mL

  2. Milk of non-obese infant: 0.37 (±0.4) ng/mL

  1. 17

  2. 33

 RIA (Linco Research Inc) 2nd–4th month

* BF—breastfeeding group. ** IQR—interquartile range.