TABLE 1.

Protease activities, pectinase (P2c) activities, average DSIs, and time of death of G. melonella larvae infected with isolates of Aspergillus

Aspergillus species and strain	Host and geographic originj	Proteasea vs SUC-(Ala)2-Pro-Phe-p-4-nitroamlide (mean ± SD)	Pectinase (P2c)b	DSI (and range)c	G. melonella mean time to death (h)d
A. flavus
96-02e	Human, USA	24 ± 3	+	2.3 (2–3)	26
96-03	Human, USA	38 ± 4	−	4.8 (4–5)	32
96-10	Human, USA	23 ± 4	−	4.8 (4–5)	26
96-17	Human, USA	96 ± 5	+	1.7 (1–3)	30
96-31	Human, USA	29 ± 4	+	2.3 (2–3)	24
96-36	Human, USA	51 ± 5	+	2.7 (2–4)	24
96-48	Human, USA	82 ± 6	+	1.7 (1–3)	32
96-58	Human, USA	30 ± 2	+	4.4 (4–5)	26
ARSEF 1003f	Silkworm, Japan	28 ± 2	−	4.4 (4–5)	28
ARSEF 2157	Ant, New Guinea	85 ± 7	+	1.7 (1–2)	28
ARSEF 2818	Moth, Philippines	65 ± 4	+	4.0 (4–0)	34
ARSEF 2833	Moth, USA	48 ± 5	+	4.4 (4–5)	24
ARSEF 3144	Fly, Canada	39 ± 5	+	2.1 (2–3)	30
ARSEF 3430	Fly, Costa Rica	33 ± 6	+	4.2 (4–5)	31
SRRC 284	Cotton seed, USA	19 ± 4	+	3.8 (3–5)	42
SRRC 285	Cotton seed, USA	15 ± 1	+	3.3 (2–4)	38
SRRC 1000	Cotton seed, USA	2 ± 0	+	4.2 (3–5)	38
SRRC 1009	Cotton seed, USA	32 ± 3	+	4.2 (3–5)	32
SRRC 2045	Cotton seed, USA	84 ± 6	+	5.0 (5)	20
SRRC 2115	Cotton seed, USA	34 ± 3	+	3.5 (2–4)	24
TX 108g	Corn, USA	26 ± 4	+	2.7 (2–3)	28
TX 118-3	Corn, USA	38 ± 5	+	3.2 (2–3)	32
TX 118-10	Corn, USA	26 ± 4	+	4.4 (4–5)	32
TX 119	Corn, USA	29 ± 4	+	5.0 (5)	42
TX 129	Corn, USA	27 ± 5	+	2.3 (2–4)	38
TX 131	Corn, USA	18 ± 3	+	4.0 (4)	28
c-span 16-1	Peanut, USA	7 ± 1	+	2.3 (2–3)	26
c-span 17-1	Peanut, USA	3 ± 1	+	2.7 (2–4)	28
c-span 25-1	Peanut, USA	2 ± 0	+	3.2 (2–4)	30
90-13-85	Peanut, USA	36 ± 5	−	4.0 (4–0)	34
A. fumigatush
4	Rat, USA	7 ± 1	+	1 (1)
16424	Human, USA	7 ± 2	+	1 (1)
28213	Cockatoo, England	3 ± 0	+	1 (1)
42202	Human, France	3 ± 1	+	1 (1)
A. nidulans A4i	Saprophyte, USA	2 ± 0	−	1

^aMycelial inocula from Sabouraud dextrose cultures were incubated for 12 h in MM supplemented with horse lung polymers at (1%, wt/vol). Filtrates were assayed at 23°C in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8)–4% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide with 0.06 mM substrate. 

^bPlates containing pectic screening media were inoculated and incubated for 3 days. Enzyme activities are presented as + (P2c) and − (pectin esterase). 

^cFive days after injection with fungal inoculum, bean leaf cuttings were rated on a DSI of 1 (no symptons) to 5 (leaf death) (see text for complete scale). 

^dMean time to death of 20 larvae injected intrahemocoelically with 3,000 spores. A. fumigatus and A. flavus produced no mortalities. 

^eHuman A. Flavus strains (provided by Edward Bernard) were isolated from cases of aspergillosis at the Sloan Memorial Cancer Center in New York. 

^fInsect A. Flavus strains were obtained from the USDA entomopathogenic fungus collection in Ithaca, N.Y. 

^gPlant A. Flavus strains were provided by Nancy Keller, Texas A&M University. 

^hA. fumigatus 4 (provided by Edward Bernard) was isolated from a laboratory at the Sloan Memorial Cancer Center in New York. A. fumigatus 16424, 28213, and 42202 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md. 

ⁱA. nidulans A4 was obtained from the Fungal Genetic Stock Center at the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kans. 

^jUSA, United States of America.