Table 2.
Subjective opinions of post-COVID patients (n = 91, severe COVID cases).
| Question | Answer, Score | Average Score before the Trial (m ± S.D.), FFS * | Average Score after the Trial (m ± S.D.), FFS | Average Score before the Trial (m ± S.D.), Placebo ** |
Average Score after the Trial (m ± S.D.), Placebo |
Fisher’s Exact Test, Significance (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weakness | 2—great | 2.0±0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Impairment of physical working capacity | 2—great | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Impairment of mental working capacity | 2—great | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Memory impairment | 2—great | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.05 < p < 0.1 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Attention concentration impairment | 2—great | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.05 < p < 0.1 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Headache | 2—frequent | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.05 < p < 0.1 |
| 1—rare | ||||||
| 0— none | ||||||
| Dizziness | 2—frequente | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.05 < p < 0.1 |
| 1—rare | ||||||
| 0—non | ||||||
| Night sleeping impairment | 2—great | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Sleepiness during day time | 2—great | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Emotional instability (tearfulness, irritation, aggression) | 2—great | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Depression or apathy | 2—frequent | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—rare | ||||||
| 0—none | ||||||
| Anxiety, suspiciousness | 1—Yes | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | p > 0.05 |
| 0—No | ||||||
| Heart pain | 2—great | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Heart arythmia | 2—great | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Tachycardia | 2—great | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Night sweating | 1—Yes | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 0—No | ||||||
| Joint pain | 2—great | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Muscle pain | 2—great | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Dryness of skin and epithelia | 2—great | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | p > 0.05 |
| 1—moderate | ||||||
| 0—absent | ||||||
| Change of bodyweight | 1—increased | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | p > 0.05 |
| 1—decreased | ||||||
| 0—no change | ||||||
| Hair loss | 1—Yes | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | p > 0.05 |
| 0—No | ||||||
| Total average score | - | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.05 |
* FFS-fermented fruits supplementation (28 g/day, daily for 20 days); ** Placebo-diluted 5% honey (28 g/day, daily for 20 days); p < 0.05 significant difference between groups after the trial; 0.05 < p < 0.1 trend to difference between groups after the trial; p > 0.05 no difference between groups after the trial.