(A) Schematic representation of the development strategy for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) modified with polyethylenimine (PEI), galactose (Gal), and siRNA as well as their administration in rats, for the treatment of HCC; (adapted from reference [78] (Open Access)); (B) Schematic representation of the development strategy of galactose-modified lipid/calcium/phosphate nanoparticles (LCP NPs) incorporating anti VEGF siRNA; DOPA—1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate; DOTAP—1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane; DSPE-PEG—1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (polyethylene glycol)-2000]; L4—phenyl β-D-galactoside (adapted with permission from reference [75]). (Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. Created with BioRender.com).